Advanced Photonics 5th Anniversary Forum
On the Cover: A comparison of cross-correlation based and phase-correlation based image registration algorithms for optical coherence tomographic angiography
On the Cover: On-chip source-device-independent quantum random number generator
On the Cover: Grating-free autofocus for single-pixel microscopic imaging
On the Cover:  Silicon photonic spectrometer with multiple customized wavelength bands

Large field of view is highly demanded for disease diagnosis in clinical applications of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging. Due to the limits on optical scanning range, scanning speed, or data processing speed, only a relatively small region could be acquired and processed for most of current clinical OCT systems at one time, and generate a mosaic image of multiple adjacent small-region images with registration algorithms for disease analysis. In this work, we propose a dual-cross-correlation based translation and rotation registration (DCCTRR) algorithm for wild range OCTA imaging, which performs cross-correlation in both polarcoordinate images and Cartesian-coordinate images to calculate rotation and translation difference respectively. The performance of the proposed method is compared to standard Fourier-Merlin-transform algorithm and the results quantitatively demonstrate that the proposed method is able to align OCTA images with a lower overlap-rate, which could improve the scanning efficiency of large-scale imaging in clinical applications

Device-Independence is the ultimate goal of the realistic security of quantum information, but violating Bells inequality is difficult and complex. We have implemented the first on-chip SDI-QRNG in the whole DI/SDI field, paving the way for large-scale secure utilization of quantum resources at room temperature.

An ultrafast autofocus method for microscopy by Fourier single-pixel imaging via maximizing frequency component magnitude. It is imaging-free and is derived from the physical mechanism, making it highly attractive for autofocusing transparent samples under non-visible illumination.

Silicon photonic spectrometer with multiple customized wavelength-bands incorporated with wideband/narrowband optical filters shows great potential for various applications, including gas monitors, wearable biosensors, portable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and so on.

AP Highlights
Solving computationally hard problems with 3D integrated photonics
As technology advances, the limitations of conventional electronic computers are becoming increasingly apparent, especially when tackling complex computational challenges. NP-complete problems, which grow exponentially with size, represent some of the toughest puzzles in computer science. These issues have significant implications across various fi
Advanced Photonics
  • Oct. 28, 2024
  • Vol. 6, Issue 5 (2024)
Special Issue
Theme Issue on AI and Photonics
Photonics provides AI not only  with the tools to sense and  communicate more effectively,  but also with the instruments  to accelerate the inference  speed. Moreover, AI offers  photonics the intelligence  to process, analyze and  interpret the sensed data,  but also to solve a wide  class of inverse problems  in 
Advanced Photonics Nexus
  • Vol. 3, Issue 5 (2024)
Special Issue
Theme Issue on AI and Photonics
Photonics provides AI not only  with the tools to sense and  communicate more effectively,  but also with the instruments  to accelerate the inference  speed. Moreover, AI offers  photonics the intelligence  to process, analyze and  interpret the sensed data,  but also to solve a wide  class of inverse problems  in 
Advanced Photonics
  • Vol. 6, Issue 5 (2024)
APN Highlights
Photonic computing harnesses electromagnetic waves
In the fields of physics, mathematics, and engineering, partial differential equations (PDEs) are essential for modeling various phenomena, from heat diffusion to particle motion and wave propagation. While some PDEs can be solved analytically, many require numerical methods, which can be time-consuming and computationally intensive. To address the
Advanced Photonics Nexus
  • Oct. 23, 2024
  • Vol. 3, Issue 5 (2024)
AP Highlights
Enhanced wavelength conversion to advance quantum information networks
Advancements in quantum information technology are paving the way for faster and more efficient data transfer. A key challenge has been ensuring that qubits, the fundamental units of quantum information, can be transferred between different wavelengths without losing their essential properties, such as coherence and entanglement. As reported in Adv
Advanced Photonics
  • Oct. 23, 2024
  • Vol. 6, Issue 5 (2024)
Newest Articles
Tunable vector vortex beam generation using phase change metasurfaces [Invited]

Vector vortex beams (VVBs), novel structured optical fields that combine the polarization properties of vector beams and phase characteristics of vortex b

Vector vortex beams (VVBs), novel structured optical fields that combine the polarization properties of vector beams and phase characteristics of vortex beams, have garnered widespread attention in the photonics community. Capitalizing on recently developed metasurfaces, miniaturized VVB generators with advanced properties have been implemented. However, metasurface-empowered VVB generators remain static and can only generate one pre-designed structured light. Here, we propose a kind of phase change metasurface for tunable vector beam generation by utilizing anisotropic Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) unit cells with tunable phase retardation when GSST transits between two different phase states. By properly rotating the orientations of the tunable GSST unit structures that transit between quarter-wave plates and half-wave plates, we can effectively transform incident plane waves into vector beams with distinct topological charges and polarization states. When GSST is in the amorphous state, the designed metasurface can transmit circularly polarized light into VVBs. In the crystalline state, the same GSST metasurface converts linearly polarized light into second-order radially polarized (RP) and azimuthally polarized (AP) beams. Our phase-change metasurface paves the way for precise control over the polarization patterns and vortex characteristics of beams, thereby enabling the exact manipulation of beam structures through the alteration of their phase states.show less

  • Nov.06,2024
  • Chinese Optics Letters,Vol. 22, Issue 11
  • 113601 (2024)
Tunable X-ray frequency comb generation at the Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility

X-ray frequency combs (XFCs) are of great interest in many scientific research areas. In this study, we investigate the generation of high-power tunable X

X-ray frequency combs (XFCs) are of great interest in many scientific research areas. In this study, we investigate the generation of high-power tunable XFCs at the Shanghai soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility (SXFEL). To achieve this, a chirped frequency-beating laser is employed as the seed laser for echo-enabled harmonic generation of free-electron lasers. This approach enables the formation of an initial bunching of combs and ultimately facilitates the generation of XFCs under optimized conditions. We provide an optical design for the chirped frequency-beating seed laser system and outline a method to optimize and set the key parameters that meets the critical requirements for generating continuously tunable XFCs. Three-dimensional simulations using realistic parameters of the SXFEL demonstrate that it is possible to produce XFCs with peak power reaching 1.5 GW, central photon energy at the carbon K edge (~284 eV) and tunable repetition frequencies ranging from 7 to 12 THz. Our proposal opens up new possibilities for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments at X-ray free-electron laser facilities.show less

  • Nov.06,2024
  • High Power Laser Science and Engineering,Vol. 12, Issue 5
  • 05000e60 (2024)
Reducing statistical noise in frequency ratio measurement between Ca+ and Sr optical clocks with a frequency-synthesized local oscillator from a Sr optical clock

Optical frequency ratio measurement between optical atomic clocks is essential to precision measurement as well as the redefinition of the second. Current

Optical frequency ratio measurement between optical atomic clocks is essential to precision measurement as well as the redefinition of the second. Currently, the statistical noise in frequency ratio measurement of most ion clocks is limited by the frequency instability of ion clocks. In this work, we reduce the statistical noise in the frequency ratio measurement between a transportable Ca+ optical clock and a Sr optical lattice clock down to 2.2×10-15/τ. The local oscillator of the Ca+ optical clock is frequency-synthesized from the Sr optical lattice clock, enabling a longer probe time for Ca+ clock transition. Compared to previous measurement using independent local oscillators, we achieve 10-fold reduction in comparison campaign duration.show less

  • Nov.01,2024
  • Photonics Research,Vol. 12, Issue 11
  • 2741 (2024)
Physics and artificial intelligence: illuminating the future of optics and photonics

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for their pioneering work on artificial neural networks, which profoundly imp

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for their pioneering work on artificial neural networks, which profoundly impacted the physical sciences, particularly optics and photonics. This perspective summarizes the Nobel laureates’ contributions, highlighting the physics-based principles and inspiration behind the development of modern artificial intelligence (AI) and also outlining some of the emerging major advances achieved in optics and photonics enabled by AI.show less

  • Nov.01,2024
  • Advanced Photonics,Vol. 6, Issue 5
  • 050500 (2024)
Advanced Photonics Photonics Insights

A multi-stage amplifier system based on high-power end-pumped two-segmented Nd:YVO4 is developed, which realizes the effective beam quality management in high-power laser. Because of the severe

A multi-stage amplifier system based on high-power end-pumped two-segmented Nd:YVO4 is developed, which realizes the effective beam quality management in high-power laser. Because of the severe thermal effect caused by high-power end pumping, both the appropriate crystal and beam filling factor (the ratio of the laser beam radius to the pump beam radius) are important in the amplifier. The multi-segmented doped crystal is controlled in cooperation with beam filling factor to realize high output power and maintain good beam quality. To study the thermal effect in the end-pumped crystal, the temperature distribution of end-pumped single-segmented and two-segmented Nd:YVO4 are theoretically calculated. In the experiment, a probe laser is employed to measure the spherical aberration coefficient and the beam quality of the laser at the rear end of the two end-pumped crystals respectively, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. In the power amplification, a seed laser is employed in the experiment. The appropriate gain medium and beam filling factor are determined by considering the spherical aberration coefficient, beam quality and power extraction efficiency. Based on the reasonable layout of the power amplification for each stage amplifier, the multi-stage amplifier system outputs 280.2W picosecond laser with the beam quality factor of Mx2=1.28 and My2=1.32.show less

  • Nov.05,2024
  • Chinese Optics Letters,Vol. 23, Issue 4
  • (2025)

In this study, we propose a ghost imaging method capable of penetrating dynamic scattering media through a multi-polarization fusion mutual supervision network (MPFNet). The MPFNet effectively p

In this study, we propose a ghost imaging method capable of penetrating dynamic scattering media through a multi-polarization fusion mutual supervision network (MPFNet). The MPFNet effectively processes one-dimensional light intensity signals collected under both linear and circular polarization illumination. By employing a multi-branch fusion architecture, the network excels at extracting multi-scale features and capturing contextual information. Additionally, a multi-branch spatial-channel cross-attention module optimizes the fusion of multi-branch feature information between the encoder and the decoder. This synergistic fusion of reconstruction results from both polarization states yields reconstructed object images with significantly enhanced fidelity compared to ground truth. Moreover, leveraging the underlying physical model and utilizing the collected one-dimensional light intensity signal as the supervisory labels, our method obviates the need for pre-training, ensuring robust performance even in challenging, highly scattering environments. Extensive experiments conducted on free space and underwater environments have demonstrated that the proposed method holds significant promise for advancing high-quality ghost imaging through dynamic scattering media.show less

  • Nov.05,2024
  • Advanced Imaging,Vol. 1, Issue 3

We propose a Phong shading approximation, which gives the amplitude of each point inside the triangle through linear interpolation within the framework of self-similarity segmentation and affine

We propose a Phong shading approximation, which gives the amplitude of each point inside the triangle through linear interpolation within the framework of self-similarity segmentation and affine transformation in polygon-based computer-generated holography. Shading is important as it reflects the geometric properties of the objects. To accurately represent the geometric properties of objects in three-dimensional space, the method involves calculating the amplitude distribution on each triangle and maintaining a complete analytical framework, with the edges of the reconstructed polygons nearly unobservable. Numerical simulations and optical reconstructions demonstrate that the proposed method successfully addresses the issue of edge discontinuity on polygonal surfaces.show less

  • Nov.04,2024
  • Chinese Optics Letters,Vol. 23, Issue 4
  • (2025)

Whispering gallery resonator (WGR) represent a promising avenue for the miniaturization of optical devices, while cascaded optical parameter oscillator (OPO) processes haven’t been realized in W

Whispering gallery resonator (WGR) represent a promising avenue for the miniaturization of optical devices, while cascaded optical parameter oscillator (OPO) processes haven’t been realized in WGR, to the best of our knowledge. We presents a microdisk with quality factors up to 3.2×107, then embed two quasi phase-matching (QPM) structures inside it to demonstrate cascaded OPO. The cascaded OPO exhibits the same idler light output with the threshold 32.7mW at 36℃ (1063.8nm→1566.6nm+3314.6nm/1566.6nm→2970.4nm+3314.6nm), while operating threshold of OPOwithout cascade process is 4.32mW. Moreover, diverse cascaded processes are observed, with the longest output wavelength reaching 4802.9 nm. Our results suggest the potential for a low-threshold cascade OPO based on WGR.show less

  • Nov.04,2024
  • Chinese Optics Letters,Vol. 23, Issue 4
  • (2025)