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2015
Volume: 13 Issue 10
21 Article(s)
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Atomic and Molecular Physics
Observation of 1S0-3P0 transition of bosonic strontium in the Lamb-Dicke regime
Qinfang Xu, Hui Liu, Benquan Lu, Yebing Wang, Mojuan Yin, Dehuan Kong, Jie Ren, Xiao Tian, and Hong Chang
We report experiments on the observation of the S01 P03 transition spectrum of Sr88 in the Lamb-Dicke regime. After going through a two-stage magneto-optical trap (MOT), Sr88 cold atoms with number of about 1×105 and a longitudinal temperature of 8.4 μK are loaded into a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice, whichWe report experiments on the observation of the S 0 1 P 0 3 Sr 88 Sr 88 1 × 10 5 P 1 3 P 0 3 S 0 1 P 0 3
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100201 (2015)
Fourier Optics and Signal Processing
Digital holographic shape measurement using Fizeau microscopy
D. G. Abdelsalam, Junwei Min, Daesuk Kim, and Baoli Yao
We present a Fizeau interferometer using a microscopic objective as a tool for surface contouring without the need for a numerical lens for reconstruction. The interferometer is associated with a telescope system to feature the object with collimated light. The experiment is conducted on two objects possessing differenWe present a Fizeau interferometer using a microscopic objective as a tool for surface contouring without the need for a numerical lens for reconstruction. The interferometer is associated with a telescope system to feature the object with collimated light. The experiment is conducted on two objects possessing different step heights. The phase maps from the captured off-axis holograms are calculated numerically, which allows us to deduce the contours of the objects. The great advantages of the presented technique are that it can be done in real time and there is no need for numerical lenses for micro-objects reconstruction..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100701 (2015)
Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
Beam combination setup for dual-frequency laser with orthogonal linear polarization
Haijin Fu, Jiubin Tan, Pengcheng Hu, and Zhigang Fan
A beam combination setup for a dual-frequency laser with orthogonal linear polarization is proposed. It consists of two polarizing beam splitters (PBSs) whose polarization axes are orthogonal to each other. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that a combined dual-frequency laser beam with this setup strictly meets orthA beam combination setup for a dual-frequency laser with orthogonal linear polarization is proposed. It consists of two polarizing beam splitters (PBSs) whose polarization axes are orthogonal to each other. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that a combined dual-frequency laser beam with this setup strictly meets orthogonal linear relation. The experimental results show that compared with the conventional setup, the ellipticity and nonorthogonality of the combined dual-frequency laser beam are significantly reduced..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101201 (2015)
Cubic polynomial curve-guided method for isochromatic determination in three-fringe photoelasticity
Xiaomeng Liu, and Shuguang Dai
A method for isochromatic determination in three-fringe photoelasticity is presented. It combines the phase-shifting method with cubic polynomial curve-fitting technology to eliminate the errors caused by color repetition. We perform a demonstration of the method on a circular disc subjected to compressive loading and A method for isochromatic determination in three-fringe photoelasticity is presented. It combines the phase-shifting method with cubic polynomial curve-fitting technology to eliminate the errors caused by color repetition. We perform a demonstration of the method on a circular disc subjected to compressive loading and an injection-molded cover with residual stresses. The test results compare well with the theoretical results..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101202 (2015)
Lasers and Laser Optics
Observation of wave-breaking-free square pulses in a fiber ring laser
Tonghui Liu, Dongfang Jia, Ying Liu, Zhaoying Wang, and Tianxin Yang
We experimentally and numerically demonstrate the generation of square pulses without any wave-breaking in a fiber ring laser. A segment of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber is used to increase the laser cavity length and to optimize the parameters of the laser cavity. In the experiment, the pulse width can be tuned in We experimentally and numerically demonstrate the generation of square pulses without any wave-breaking in a fiber ring laser. A segment of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber is used to increase the laser cavity length and to optimize the parameters of the laser cavity. In the experiment, the pulse width can be tuned in a wide range from 13.5 to 119.5 ns without wave-breaking while the peak power remains almost constant. The maximum single-pulse energy is up to 65.58 nJ at a pump power of 508 mW. Numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Numerical results also reveal the role of cavity length and nonlinearity in generating a square pulse without pulse breakup..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101401 (2015)
Diode-pumped electro-optical cavity-dumped Tm:YAP laser at 1996.9 nm
Baoquan Yao, Xiaolei Li, Hongwei Shi, Tongyu Dai, Zheng Cui, Chuanpeng Qian, Youlun Ju, and Yuezhu Wang
In this Letter, we demonstrate a diode-pumped electro-optical cavity-dumped Tm:YAP laser for the first time to our knowledge. A pulse width of 7.1 ns is achieved at a wavelength of 1996.9 nm. A maximum output power of 3.02 W is obtained with a pump power of 58.8 W at a repetition rate of 100 kHz and a high-voltage timeIn this Letter, we demonstrate a diode-pumped electro-optical cavity-dumped Tm:YAP laser for the first time to our knowledge. A pulse width of 7.1 ns is achieved at a wavelength of 1996.9 nm. A maximum output power of 3.02 W is obtained with a pump power of 58.8 W at a repetition rate of 100 kHz and a high-voltage time of 1000 ns, corresponding to an overall optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 5.2%. In addition, we study the effect of repetition rate and high-voltage time on the output power characteristics of a cavity-dumped Tm:YAP laser..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101402 (2015)
Diffraction and Gratings
Symmetrical short-period and high signal-to-noise ratio heterodyne grating interferometer
Cunbao Lin, Shuhua Yan, Zhiguang Du, Guochao Wang, and Chunhua Wei
A symmetrical heterodyne grating interferometer with both a short period and high signal-to-noise ratio is proposed. It possesses good immunity to environmental disturbances and can simultaneously achieve high resolution and stability. The experimental results show that the standard deviation of 24.67 nm can be realizeA symmetrical heterodyne grating interferometer with both a short period and high signal-to-noise ratio is proposed. It possesses good immunity to environmental disturbances and can simultaneously achieve high resolution and stability. The experimental results show that the standard deviation of 24.67 nm can be realized for the long range of 10 mm. The measurement resolution of better than 2 nm is achieved with the theoretical resolution of 12 pm. Additionally, system stability at less than ± 1.5 nm
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100501 (2015)
Free-space optical data links based on coaxial sidelobe-modified optical vortices
Meng Zhang, Ping Jia, Yuru Li, Ting Lei, Zhaohui Li, and Xiaocong Yuan
We propose and demonstrate free-space optical data links based on coaxial sidelobe-modified optical vortices (CSMOVs). In contrast to the optical communication systems based on amplitude, frequency, or phase detection, the proposed scheme uses the radii ratio between the principle ring and the first sidelobe of the CSMWe propose and demonstrate free-space optical data links based on coaxial sidelobe-modified optical vortices (CSMOVs). In contrast to the optical communication systems based on amplitude, frequency, or phase detection, the proposed scheme uses the radii ratio between the principle ring and the first sidelobe of the CSMOV. Therefore, the demand of stringent alignment and/or accurate phase matching is released. We design and optimize a composite computer-generated hologram to generate a CSMOV with four topological charges (TCs). Extracted from the images captured by a CCD camera, the radii ratio between the principle ring and the first sidelobe of different TCs are consistent with the theoretical values..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100502 (2015)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
FFPI-FBG hybrid sensor to measure the thermal expansion and thermo-optical coefficient of a silica-based fiber at cryogenic temperatures
Litong Li, Dongsheng Zhang, Xiaoyan Wen, and Sisi Peng
In this Letter, a sensor consisting of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) sensor is developed to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the thermo-optical coefficient (TOC) of a silica-based optical fiber at cryogenic temperatures. The FFPI is fabricated by weldingIn this Letter, a sensor consisting of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) sensor is developed to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the thermo-optical coefficient (TOC) of a silica-based optical fiber at cryogenic temperatures. The FFPI is fabricated by welding together two acid-etched fibers. The temperature performance of the FFPI-FBG hybrid sensor is studied in the temperature range of 30–273 K. The CTE and TOC of the optical fiber at cryogenic temperatures are derived analytically and verified by experiments..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100601 (2015)
1.2 Gbit/s visible light transmission based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing using a phosphorescent white light-emitting diode and a pre-equalization circuit
Xingxing Huang, Siyuan Chen, Zhixin Wang, Yiguang Wang, and Nan Chi
We propose a two-cascaded, constant-resistance, symmetrical bridged-T amplitude equalizer for a high-speed visible light communication (VLC) system. With the pre-equalization circuit, the 3 dB bandwidth of the VLC system can be extended from 12 to 235 MHz using a commercially available phosphorescent white light-emittiWe propose a two-cascaded, constant-resistance, symmetrical bridged-T amplitude equalizer for a high-speed visible light communication (VLC) system. With the pre-equalization circuit, the 3 dB 3.8 × 10 3 3 dB
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100602 (2015)
Novel distributed passive vehicle tracking technology using phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer
Zhaoyong Wang, Zhengqing Pan, Qing Ye, Bin Lu, Zujie Fang, Haiwen Cai, and Ronghui Qu
A novel distributed passive vehicle tracking technology is proposed and demonstrated. This technology is based on a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) that can sense and locate vibrations. Two algorithms, dynamic frequency-space image and 2D digital sliding filtering, are proposed to distinguishA novel distributed passive vehicle tracking technology is proposed and demonstrated. This technology is based on a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100603 (2015)
Improved modulation format identification based on Stokes parameters using combination of fuzzy c-means and hierarchical clustering in coherent optical communication system
Longxue Cheng, Lixia Xi, Donghe Zhao, Xianfeng Tang, Wenbo Zhang, and Xiaoguang Zhang
In this Letter, we develop the Stokes space-based method for modulation format identification by combing power spectral density and a cluster analysis to identify quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase-shift keying (PSK) signals. Fuzzy c-means and hierarchical clustering algorithms are used for the cluster anaIn this Letter, we develop the Stokes space-based method for modulation format identification by combing power spectral density and a cluster analysis to identify quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase-shift keying (PSK) signals. Fuzzy c-means and hierarchical clustering algorithms are used for the cluster analysis. Simulations are conducted for binary PSK, quadrature PSK, 8PSK, 16-QAM, and 32-QAM signals. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique can effectively classify all these modulation formats, and that the method is superior in lowering the threshold of the optical signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, the proposed method is insensitive to phase offset and laser phase noise..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100604 (2015)
Imaging Systems
Photoacoustic microscopy by scanning mirror-based synthetic aperture focusing technique
De Cai, Zhongfei Li, and Sung-Liang Chen
Photoacoustic imaging with a synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is an effective method to improve the lateral resolution for out-of-focus regions in scanning microscopy systems, which commonly require a decent motorized scanning stage for a lateral scan of a transducer to obtain a cross-sectional image. In thPhotoacoustic imaging with a synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) is an effective method to improve the lateral resolution for out-of-focus regions in scanning microscopy systems, which commonly require a decent motorized scanning stage for a lateral scan of a transducer to obtain a cross-sectional image. In this study, we propose and test a photoacoustic imaging system with a scanning mirror-based SAFT (SM-SAFT) for simple and fast data acquisition, without the need for a physical scan of the transducer. Photoacoustic images of hair phantoms acquired by SM-SAFT are demonstrated, serving as a proof-of-concept experiment to show the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101101 (2015)
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
Model of Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction
Cuncheng Weng, and Xiaoman Zhang
In this Letter, we discuss Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction, and a new model of Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction is presented. The model is based on the individual and simultaneous occurrences of phase-grating diffraction and the Doppler effect and optical phase modulation and photon–phonon scattering. We find In this Letter, we discuss Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction, and a new model of Raman–Nath acousto-optic diffraction is presented. The model is based on the individual and simultaneous occurrences of phase-grating diffraction and the Doppler effect and optical phase modulation and photon–phonon scattering. We find that the optical phase modulation can cause temporal and spatial fluctuations of the diffracted light power escaping from the acoustic field..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101701 (2015)
Materials
Polarization insensitivity in square split-ring resonators with asymmetrical arm widths
Qiannan Wu, Feng Lan, YaXin Zhang, HongXin Zeng, Ziqiang Yang, and Xi Gao
A polarization-insensitive, square split-ring resonator (SSRR) is simulated and experimented. By investigating the influence of the asymmetrical arm width in typical SSRRs, we find that the variation of the arm width enables a blue shift of the resonance frequency for the 0° polarized wave and a red shift of the rA polarization-insensitive, square split-ring resonator (SSRR) is simulated and experimented. By investigating the influence of the asymmetrical arm width in typical SSRRs, we find that the variation of the arm width enables a blue shift of the resonance frequency for the 0° polarized wave and a red shift of the resonance frequency for the 90° polarized wave. Thus, the resonance frequency for the 0° polarized wave and the resonance frequency for the 90° polarized wave will be identical by asymmetrically adjusting the arm width of the SSRR. Two modified, split-ring resonators (MSRRs) that are insensitive to the polarization with asymmetrical arm widths are designed, fabricated, and tested. Excellent agreement between the simulations and experiments for the MSRRs demonstrates the polarization insensitivity with asymmetrical arm widths. This work opens new opportunities for the investigation of polarization-insensitive, split-ring resonator metamaterials and will broaden the applications of split-ring resonators in various terahertz devices..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101601 (2015)
Monochromic orange emission of Pr3+ ions in phosphate glass
Weichuan Gao, Yu Tong, Yunxia Yang, and Guorong Chen
Zinc strontium phosphate glasses doped with different trivalent praseodymium ion (Pr3+) concentrations are presented and their photoluminescence properties are investigated upon 442 nm excitation. With the Pr3+ concentration decreasing, the orange emission of Pr3+ (D21 HJ3) is enhanced steadily at the cost of its blue Zinc strontium phosphate glasses doped with different trivalent praseodymium ion (Pr 3 + Pr 3 + Pr 3 + D 2 1 H J 3 P 1,0 3 H 4 3 Pr 3 + Pr 3 + Pr 3 + Pr 3 + P j 3 →showLess
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101602 (2015)
Thin Films
Role of oxygen defects in inducing the blue photoluminescence of zinc oxide films deposited by magnetron sputtering
Kun Chen, Huanfeng Zhu, Xinyu Yi, Shuai Cheng, Jing Li, Songyou Wang, Ming Lu, Min Xu, Li Ma, and Lei Lü
A number of zinc oxide (ZnO) films are deposited on silicon substrates using the magnetron sputtering method. After undergoing thermal treatment under different conditions, those films exhibit hexagonal wurtzite structures and different photoluminescent characteristics. Besides the notable ultraviolet emission, which iA number of zinc oxide (ZnO) films are deposited on silicon substrates using the magnetron sputtering method. After undergoing thermal treatment under different conditions, those films exhibit hexagonal wurtzite structures and different photoluminescent characteristics. Besides the notable ultraviolet emission, which is related to the free exciton effect, a distinct blue fluorescence around 475 nm is found in some special samples. The blue photoluminescence emission of the ZnO film is believed to be caused by oxygen vacancies..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 103101 (2015)
Integrated Optics
Large-mode-volume transverse-electric-polarized distributed feedback cavity on silicon-on-insulator
Xiangjie Zhao, Yong Zhang, Cheng Zeng, Danping Li, Ge Gao, Qinzhong Huang, Yi Wang, Jinzhong Yu, and Jinsong Xia
We demonstrate a large-mode-volume transverse-electric-polarized λ/4 shifted distributed feedback (DFB) cavity on silicon-on-insulator (SOI). A 2.86 mm-long DFB cavity with sidewall corrugation on the ridge is fabricated on a silicon rib waveguide. The cavity structure is designed to enlarge both the longitudinal and tWe demonstrate a large-mode-volume transverse-electric-polarized λ / 4 75.39 μm 3
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 101301 (2015)
Optics at Surfaces
Silver hierarchical structures grown on microstructured silicon in chip for microfluidic integrated catalyst and SERS detector
Zhaoxu Yan, Chunhao Li, Yang Luo, Jihong Zhao, Hai Yang, Prabhat Verma, and Satoshi Kawata
In this Letter, silver (Ag) hierarchical nanostructures grown on black silicon (BS) are used as the catalyst and a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detector integrated in a microfluid. The BS is fabricated via femtosecond laser ablation in an atmosphere of sulfur hexafluoride, and then hydrogenated with hydroflIn this Letter, silver (Ag) hierarchical nanostructures grown on black silicon (BS) are used as the catalyst and a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detector integrated in a microfluid. The BS is fabricated via femtosecond laser ablation in an atmosphere of sulfur hexafluoride, and then hydrogenated with hydrofluoric acid. As formed, the BS substrate directly acts as a reducing template to grow silver hierarchical nano-structures. Particularly, Ag-BS composite micro/nano-structures can be in-situ constructed in silicon-based microchannels. These structures simultaneously serve as integrated catalytic reactors and a SERS substrate for sensing. The sensitivity is tested to be as low as 10 8 m o l / L
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 102401 (2015)
Detectors
Quantum efficiency decay mechanism of NEA GaN photocathode: A first-principles research
Yang Shen, Liang Chen, Shuqin Zhang, and Yunsheng Qian
Using the first-principles method based on the density functional theory (DFT), the work function of seven different GaN (0001) (1×1) surface models is calculated. The calculation results show that the optimal ratio of Cs to O for activation is between 3∶1 and 4∶1. Then, Cs/O activation and stability testing experUsing the first-principles method based on the density functional theory (DFT), the work function of seven different GaN (0001) ( 1 × 1 ) 3 ∶ 1 4 ∶ 1
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 100401 (2015)
Scattering
The influence of the characteristics of a collection of particles on the scattered spectral density and its applications
Tao Wang, Yi Ding, Xiaoling Ji, and Daomu Zhao
The far-zone scattered spectral density of a light wave on the scattering from a collection of particles is investigated, and the relationship between the character of the collection and the distribution of the scattered spectral density is discussed. It is shown that both the number of particles and their locations inThe far-zone scattered spectral density of a light wave on the scattering from a collection of particles is investigated, and the relationship between the character of the collection and the distribution of the scattered spectral density is discussed. It is shown that both the number of particles and their locations in the collection play roles in the distribution of the far-zone scattered spectral density. This phenomenon may provide a potential method to reconstruct the structure character of a collection of particles from measurements of the far-zone scattered spectral density..
Chinese Optics Letters
- Publication Date: Oct. 10, 2015
- Vol. 13, Issue 10, 102901 (2015)
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