Journals >Review of Optics: a virtual journal
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2021
Volume: 2 Issue 3
11 Article(s)
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Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Recent advance in hollow-core fiber high-temperature and high-pressure sensing technology [Invited]
Zhe Zhang, Yingying Wang, Min Zhou, Jun He, Changrui Liao, and Yiping Wang
The pure-silica hollow-core fiber (HCF) has excellent thermostabilities that can benefit a lot of high-temperature sensing applications. The air-core microstructure of the HCF provides an inherent gas container, which can be a good candidate for gas or gas pressure sensing. This paper reviews our continuous efforts to design, fabricate, and characterize the high-temperature and high-pressure sensors with HCFs, aiming at improving the sensing performances such as dynamic range, sensitivity, and linearity. With the breakthrough advances in novel anti-resonant HCFs, sensing of high temperature and high pressure with HCFs will continuously progress and find increasing applications.The pure-silica hollow-core fiber (HCF) has excellent thermostabilities that can benefit a lot of high-temperature sensing applications. The air-core microstructure of the HCF provides an inherent gas container, which can be a good candidate for gas or gas pressure sensing. This paper reviews our continuous efforts to design, fabricate, and characterize the high-temperature and high-pressure sensors with HCFs, aiming at improving the sensing performances such as dynamic range, sensitivity, and linearity. With the breakthrough advances in novel anti-resonant HCFs, sensing of high temperature and high pressure with HCFs will continuously progress and find increasing applications..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Jul. 10, 2021
- Vol. 19 Issue 7 070601 (2021)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Distributed polymer optical fiber sensors: a review and outlook
Yosuke Mizuno, Antreas Theodosiou, Kyriacos Kalli, Sascha Liehr, Heeyoung Lee, and Kentaro Nakamura
Aging degradation and seismic damage of civil infrastructures have become a serious issue for society, and one promising technology for monitoring their conditions is optical fiber sensing. Glass optical fibers have been predominantly used for the past several decades to develop fiber sensors, but currently polymer or plastic optical fibers (POFs) have also been used extensively to develop advanced fiber sensors because of their unique features, such as high flexibility, large breakage strain, and impact resistance. This review focuses on recently developed distributed and quasi-distributed POF-based sensing techniques based on Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and fiber Bragg gratings.Aging degradation and seismic damage of civil infrastructures have become a serious issue for society, and one promising technology for monitoring their conditions is optical fiber sensing. Glass optical fibers have been predominantly used for the past several decades to develop fiber sensors, but currently polymer or plastic optical fibers (POFs) have also been used extensively to develop advanced fiber sensors because of their unique features, such as high flexibility, large breakage strain, and impact resistance. This review focuses on recently developed distributed and quasi-distributed POF-based sensing techniques based on Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and fiber Bragg gratings..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Aug. 19, 2021
- Vol. 9 Issue 9 09001719 (2021)
Instrumentation, Measurement, and Optical Sensing
Review of femtosecond laser fabricated optical fiber high temperature sensors [Invited]
Dong-Ning Wang
The femtosecond laser has been an efficient tool for optical fiber high temperature sensor construction. Here, we review the progress of optical fiber high temperature sensors based on femtosecond laser fabricated fiber gratings and various types of fiber in-line interferometers in silica fibers and sapphire fibers.The femtosecond laser has been an efficient tool for optical fiber high temperature sensor construction. Here, we review the progress of optical fiber high temperature sensors based on femtosecond laser fabricated fiber gratings and various types of fiber in-line interferometers in silica fibers and sapphire fibers..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Sep. 10, 2021
- Vol. 19 Issue 9 091204 (2021)
Integrated Optics
Mode division multiplexing: from photonic integration to optical fiber transmission [Invited] | On the Cover
Jiangbing Du, Weihong Shen, Jiacheng Liu, Yufeng Chen, Xinyi Chen, and Zuyuan He
To overcome the capacity crunch of optical communications based on the traditional single-mode fiber (SMF), different modes in a few-mode fiber (FMF) can be employed for mode division multiplexing (MDM). MDM can also be extended to photonic integration for obtaining improved density and efficiency, as well as interconnection capacity. Therefore, MDM becomes the most promising method for maintaining the trend of “Moore’s law” in photonic integration and optical fiber transmission. In this tutorial, we provide a review of MDM works and cutting-edge progresses from photonic integration to optical fiber transmission, including our recent works of MDM low-noise amplification, FMF fiber design, MDM Si photonic devices, and so on. Research and application challenges of MDM for optical communications regarding long-haul transmission and short reach interconnection are discussed as well. The content is expected to be of important value for both academic researchers and industrial engineers during the development of next-generation optical communication systems, from photonic chips to fiber links.To overcome the capacity crunch of optical communications based on the traditional single-mode fiber (SMF), different modes in a few-mode fiber (FMF) can be employed for mode division multiplexing (MDM). MDM can also be extended to photonic integration for obtaining improved density and efficiency, as well as interconnection capacity. Therefore, MDM becomes the most promising method for maintaining the trend of “Moore’s law” in photonic integration and optical fiber transmission. In this tutorial, we provide a review of MDM works and cutting-edge progresses from photonic integration to optical fiber transmission, including our recent works of MDM low-noise amplification, FMF fiber design, MDM Si photonic devices, and so on. Research and application challenges of MDM for optical communications regarding long-haul transmission and short reach interconnection are discussed as well. The content is expected to be of important value for both academic researchers and industrial engineers during the development of next-generation optical communication systems, from photonic chips to fiber links..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Sep. 10, 2021
- Vol. 19 Issue 9 091301 (2021)
Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
Recent development of saturable absorbers for ultrafast lasers [Invited] | Editors' Pick
Mengyu Zhang, Hao Chen, Jinde Yin, Jintao Wang, Jinzhang Wang, and Peiguang Yan
As one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century, ultrafast lasers have offered new opportunities in the areas of basic scientific research and industrial manufacturing. Optical modulators are of great importance in ultrafast lasers, which directly affect the output laser performances. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in the development of compact, controllable, repeatable, as well as integratable optical modulators (i.e., saturable absorbers). In this paper, we review the fundamentals of the most widely studied saturable absorbers, including semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors and low-dimensional nanomaterials. Then, different fabrication technologies for saturable absorbers and their ultrafast laser applications in a wide wavelength range are illustrated. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives for the future development of saturable absorbers are discussed and presented. The development of ultrafast lasers together with the continuous exploration of reliable saturable absorbers will open up new directions for the mass production of the next-generation optoelectronic devices.As one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century, ultrafast lasers have offered new opportunities in the areas of basic scientific research and industrial manufacturing. Optical modulators are of great importance in ultrafast lasers, which directly affect the output laser performances. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in the development of compact, controllable, repeatable, as well as integratable optical modulators (i.e., saturable absorbers). In this paper, we review the fundamentals of the most widely studied saturable absorbers, including semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors and low-dimensional nanomaterials. Then, different fabrication technologies for saturable absorbers and their ultrafast laser applications in a wide wavelength range are illustrated. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives for the future development of saturable absorbers are discussed and presented. The development of ultrafast lasers together with the continuous exploration of reliable saturable absorbers will open up new directions for the mass production of the next-generation optoelectronic devices..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Aug. 10, 2021
- Vol. 19 Issue 8 081405 (2021)
Rare-earth ions-doped mid-infrared (2.7–3 µm) bulk lasers: a review [Invited] | Editors' Pick
Hongkun Nie, Feifei Wang, Junting Liu, Kejian Yang, Baitao Zhang, and Jingliang He
Mid-infrared (MIR) laser sources operating in the 2.7–3 µm spectral region have attracted extensive attention for many applications due to the unique features of locating at the atmospheric transparency window, corresponding to the “characteristic fingerprint” spectra of several gas molecules, and strong absorption of water. Over the past two decades, significant developments have been achieved in 2.7–3 µm MIR lasers benefiting from the sustainable innovations in laser technology and the great progress in material science. Here, we mainly summarize and review the recent progress of MIR bulk laser sources based on the rare-earth ions-doped crystals in the 2.7–3 µm spectral region, including
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Sep. 10, 2021
- Vol. 19 Issue 9 091407 (2021)
Microwave Photonics
RF self-interference cancellation by using photonic technology [Invited] | EIC Choice Award , Editors' Pick
Xiuyou Han, Xinxin Su, Shuanglin Fu, Yiying Gu, Zhenlin Wu, Xiaozhou Li, and Mingshan Zhao
Radio frequency (RF) self-interference is a key issue for the application of in-band full-duplex communication in beyond fifth generation and sixth generation communications. Compared with electronic technology, photonic technology has the advantages of wide bandwidth and high tuning precision, exhibiting great potential to realize high interference cancellation depth over broad band. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of photonic enabled RF self-interference cancellation (SIC) is presented. The operation principle of photonic RF SIC is introduced, and the advances in implementing photonic RF SIC according to the realization mechanism of phase reversal are summarized. For further realistic applications, the multipath RF SIC and the integrated photonic RF SIC are also surveyed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of photonic RF SIC technology are discussed.Radio frequency (RF) self-interference is a key issue for the application of in-band full-duplex communication in beyond fifth generation and sixth generation communications. Compared with electronic technology, photonic technology has the advantages of wide bandwidth and high tuning precision, exhibiting great potential to realize high interference cancellation depth over broad band. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of photonic enabled RF self-interference cancellation (SIC) is presented. The operation principle of photonic RF SIC is introduced, and the advances in implementing photonic RF SIC according to the realization mechanism of phase reversal are summarized. For further realistic applications, the multipath RF SIC and the integrated photonic RF SIC are also surveyed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of photonic RF SIC technology are discussed..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Jul. 10, 2021
- Vol. 19 Issue 7 073901 (2021)
Physical Optics
Epsilon-near-zero photonics: infinite potentials
Jiaye Wu, Ze Tao Xie, Yanhua Sha, H. Y. Fu, and Qian Li
With its unique and exclusive linear and nonlinear optical characteristics, epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) photonics has drawn a tremendous amount of attention in the recent decade in the fields of nanophotonics, nonlinear optics, plasmonics, light-matter interactions, material science, applied optical science, etc. The extraordinary optical properties, relatively high tuning flexibility, and CMOS compatibility of ENZ materials make them popular and competitive candidates for nanophotonic devices and on-chip integration in all-optical and electro-optical platforms. With exclusive features and high performance, ENZ photonics can play a big role in optical communications and optical data processing. In this review, we give a focused discussion on recent advances of the theoretical and experimental studies on ENZ photonics, especially in the regime of nonlinear ENZ nanophotonics and its applications. First, we overview the basics of the ENZ concepts, mechanisms, and nonlinear ENZ nanophotonics. Then the new advancements in theoretical and experimental optical physics are reviewed. For nanophotonic applications, the recent decades saw rapid developments in various kinds of different ENZ-based devices and systems, which are discussed and analyzed in detail. Finally, we give our perspectives on where future endeavors can be made.With its unique and exclusive linear and nonlinear optical characteristics, epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) photonics has drawn a tremendous amount of attention in the recent decade in the fields of nanophotonics, nonlinear optics, plasmonics, light-matter interactions, material science, applied optical science, etc. The extraordinary optical properties, relatively high tuning flexibility, and CMOS compatibility of ENZ materials make them popular and competitive candidates for nanophotonic devices and on-chip integration in all-optical and electro-optical platforms. With exclusive features and high performance, ENZ photonics can play a big role in optical communications and optical data processing. In this review, we give a focused discussion on recent advances of the theoretical and experimental studies on ENZ photonics, especially in the regime of nonlinear ENZ nanophotonics and its applications. First, we overview the basics of the ENZ concepts, mechanisms, and nonlinear ENZ nanophotonics. Then the new advancements in theoretical and experimental optical physics are reviewed. For nanophotonic applications, the recent decades saw rapid developments in various kinds of different ENZ-based devices and systems, which are discussed and analyzed in detail. Finally, we give our perspectives on where future endeavors can be made..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Jul. 30, 2021
- Vol. 9 Issue 8 08001616 (2021)
Reviews
Review of bio-optical imaging systems with a high space-bandwidth product
Jongchan Park, David J. Brady, Guoan Zheng, Lei Tian, and Liang Gao
Optical imaging has served as a primary method to collect information about biosystems across scales—from functionalities of tissues to morphological structures of cells and even at biomolecular levels. However, to adequately characterize a complex biosystem, an imaging system with a number of resolvable points, referred to as a space-bandwidth product (SBP), in excess of one billion is typically needed. Since a gigapixel-scale far exceeds the capacity of current optical imagers, compromises must be made to obtain either a low spatial resolution or a narrow field-of-view (FOV). The problem originates from constituent refractive optics—the larger the aperture, the more challenging the correction of lens aberrations. Therefore, it is impractical for a conventional optical imaging system to achieve an SBP over hundreds of millions. To address this unmet need, a variety of high-SBP imagers have emerged over the past decade, enabling an unprecedented resolution and FOV beyond the limit of conventional optics. We provide a comprehensive survey of high-SBP imaging techniques, exploring their underlying principles and applications in bioimaging.Optical imaging has served as a primary method to collect information about biosystems across scales—from functionalities of tissues to morphological structures of cells and even at biomolecular levels. However, to adequately characterize a complex biosystem, an imaging system with a number of resolvable points, referred to as a space-bandwidth product (SBP), in excess of one billion is typically needed. Since a gigapixel-scale far exceeds the capacity of current optical imagers, compromises must be made to obtain either a low spatial resolution or a narrow field-of-view (FOV). The problem originates from constituent refractive optics—the larger the aperture, the more challenging the correction of lens aberrations. Therefore, it is impractical for a conventional optical imaging system to achieve an SBP over hundreds of millions. To address this unmet need, a variety of high-SBP imagers have emerged over the past decade, enabling an unprecedented resolution and FOV beyond the limit of conventional optics. We provide a comprehensive survey of high-SBP imaging techniques, exploring their underlying principles and applications in bioimaging..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Jun. 26, 2021
- Vol. 3 Issue 4 044001 (2021)
Electrochemically driven dynamic plasmonics
Yan Jin, Lin Zhou, Jie Liang, and Jia Zhu
Dynamic plasmonics with the real-time active control capability of plasmonic resonances attracts much interest in the communities of physics, chemistry, and material science. Among versatile reconfigurable strategies for dynamic plasmonics, electrochemically driven strategies have garnered most of the attention. We summarize three primary strategies to enable electrochemically dynamic plasmonics, including structural transformation, carrier-density modulation, and electrochemically active surrounding-media manipulation. The reconfigurable microstructures, optical properties, and underlying physical mechanisms are discussed in detail. We also summarize the most promising applications of dynamic plasmonics, including smart windows, structural color displays, and chemical sensors. We suggest more research efforts toward the widespread applications of dynamic plasmonics.Dynamic plasmonics with the real-time active control capability of plasmonic resonances attracts much interest in the communities of physics, chemistry, and material science. Among versatile reconfigurable strategies for dynamic plasmonics, electrochemically driven strategies have garnered most of the attention. We summarize three primary strategies to enable electrochemically dynamic plasmonics, including structural transformation, carrier-density modulation, and electrochemically active surrounding-media manipulation. The reconfigurable microstructures, optical properties, and underlying physical mechanisms are discussed in detail. We also summarize the most promising applications of dynamic plasmonics, including smart windows, structural color displays, and chemical sensors. We suggest more research efforts toward the widespread applications of dynamic plasmonics..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Jun. 30, 2021
- Vol. 3 Issue 4 044002 (2021)
Surface Optics and Plasmonics
Lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing
Zhe Zhang, Leona Nest, Suo Wang, Si-Yi Wang, and Ren-Min Ma
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are a prominent means to detect biological and chemical analytes and to investigate biomolecular interactions in various fields. However, the performance of SPR sensors is ultimately limited by ohmic loss, which substantially weakens the resonance signal and broadens the response linewidth. Recent studies have shown that ohmic loss can be fully compensated in plasmonic nanolasers, which leads to a novel class of lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (LESPR) sensors with improved sensing performance. In this paper, we detail the underlying physical mechanisms of LESPR sensors and present their implementation in various sensing devices. We review recent progress on their applications, particularly for refractive index sensing, gas detection and biological imaging, labeling, tracking, and diagnosis. We then summarize the review and highlight remaining challenges of LESPR sensing technology.Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are a prominent means to detect biological and chemical analytes and to investigate biomolecular interactions in various fields. However, the performance of SPR sensors is ultimately limited by ohmic loss, which substantially weakens the resonance signal and broadens the response linewidth. Recent studies have shown that ohmic loss can be fully compensated in plasmonic nanolasers, which leads to a novel class of lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (LESPR) sensors with improved sensing performance. In this paper, we detail the underlying physical mechanisms of LESPR sensors and present their implementation in various sensing devices. We review recent progress on their applications, particularly for refractive index sensing, gas detection and biological imaging, labeling, tracking, and diagnosis. We then summarize the review and highlight remaining challenges of LESPR sensing technology..
Review of Optics: a virtual journal
- Publication Date: Aug. 11, 2021
- Vol. 9 Issue 9 09001699 (2021)
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