• Journal of Semiconductors
  • Vol. 40, Issue 4, 042401 (2019)
A. Tonk and N. Afzal
Author Affiliations
  • Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, F/o Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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    DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/4/042401 Cite this Article
    A. Tonk, N. Afzal. Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2019, 40(4): 042401 Copy Citation Text show less
    (a) Matrix representation of FDCCII. (b) Symbol for FDCCII.
    Fig. 1. (a) Matrix representation of FDCCII. (b) Symbol for FDCCII.
    CMOS FDCCII implementation.
    Fig. 2. CMOS FDCCII implementation.
    (Color online) (a) DC voltage characteristics of differential X terminal. (b) DC current response of differential Z terminal.
    Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) DC voltage characteristics of differential X terminal. (b) DC current response of differential Z terminal.
    Second order Filter realized using CMOS FDCCII (LP/BP response).
    Fig. 4. Second order Filter realized using CMOS FDCCII (LP/BP response).
    LPF gain tuning (fo = 13 kHz) through R1.
    Fig. 5. LPF gain tuning (fo = 13 kHz) through R1.
    BPF gain tuning (fo = 13 kHz & Q = 4.08) through R1.
    Fig. 6. BPF gain tuning (fo = 13 kHz & Q = 4.08) through R1.
    At constant central frequency of 13 kHz, Q values varying with R2 are 3.3, 4.9 & 6.5 respectively.
    Fig. 7. At constant central frequency of 13 kHz, Q values varying with R2 are 3.3, 4.9 & 6.5 respectively.
    (a) Current division circuit (CDC). (b) Matrix representation of DCFDCCII. (c) Symbol of DCFDCCII.
    Fig. 8. (a) Current division circuit (CDC). (b) Matrix representation of DCFDCCII. (c) Symbol of DCFDCCII.
    (Color online) DC response of Z terminals current of DCFDCCII.
    Fig. 9. (Color online) DC response of Z terminals current of DCFDCCII.
    DCFDCCII based programmable integrator and differentiator.
    Fig. 10. DCFDCCII based programmable integrator and differentiator.
    Observed output for codeword (a) 111111, (b) 010101.
    Fig. 11. Observed output for codeword (a) 111111, (b) 010101.
    (Color online) Differentiator input & observed output for code words.
    Fig. 12. (Color online) Differentiator input & observed output for code words.
    (Color online) Input (inoise) and output (onoise) referred noise spectral density for (a) integrator, (b) differentiator.
    Fig. 13. (Color online) Input (inoise) and output (onoise) referred noise spectral density for (a) integrator, (b) differentiator.
    VDD, VSS, VSB, Vb1.5, −1.5, −1.25, −0.787 V
    No. of transistors23
    DC voltage range−1 to 1 V
    DC current range−100 to 100 mA
    −3 dB bandwidth: VZd/VYd82 MHz
    FOM1 =(Vinmax/VDD) × 100 66
    Table 1. Main features of FDCCII.
    Transistor for FDCCIIW/L (μm/μm)
    M1, M8, M9, M18, M192/1
    M3, M5, M7, M20, M22200/2
    M2, M4, M6, M21, M23150/2
    M15, M16100/2
    M10, M13, M14, M1780/1
    M11, M1280/2
    Transistor for CDNW/L (μm/μm)
    All transistors1/0.35
    Table 2. Aspect ratios of MOS transistors.
    CharacteristicsProposed realization
    Supply used± 1.5 V
    Technology0.25 μm
    Fully differentialYes
    Active elementFDCCII
    No. of active elements3
    Enjoys independent tuningYes
    Tuning (analog/digital)Analog
    Component valuesR1 = 1.3 kΩ; R2 = 2.5 kΩ (for LPF) and 10 kΩ (for BPF); R3 = 3 kΩ; R4 = 2 kΩ; C1 = 5 nF; C2 = 5 nF
    Table 3. Summarized performance of proposed filter.
    ReferenceAdway 2000[5]Alzaher 2003[9]Chang 2003[6]Shahrani 2004[13]Mahmoud 2004[20]Mahmoud 2005[10]Mahmoud 2007[14]Karac 2008[19]This work
    Technology node (μm) 1.21.21.20.350.50.350.350.25
    Active element usedFDCCIIFBCCIIFDCCIICCII/AD844FDCFOAFDCCIIFDCCIIFDCCIIFDCCII
    Number of active elements used311616123
    Supply rails used (V)± 1.5± 2.7± 5± 1.5± 1.5± 1.5± 1.25± 1.5
    Functions realizedLP BPBPLP BP AP BRLP BPLPLP BP APBPLP BP APLP BP
    Tuning featureNYNYNYYNY
    Fully differentialYYYYYYYYY
    Table 4. Comparative study of previously reported differential second order filters.
    Proposed realizationIntegratorDifferentiator
    Supply used± 1.5 V± 1.5 V
    Technology0.25 μm 0.25 μm
    Fully differentialYesYes
    Active elementDCFDCCIIDCFDCCII
    No. of active elements11
    TuningDigitalDigital
    Component valuesR = 2.5 kΩ, C = 400 pF C = 13 nF, R = 500 kΩ
    Table 5. Summarized performance of proposed DCFDCCII applications.
    A. Tonk, N. Afzal. Second generation fully differential current conveyor based analog circuits[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2019, 40(4): 042401
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