Fluorescence microscope has always been the main method in biomedical researches due to its advantages such as less damage to samples, specific labeling, and being suitable for in vivo imaging. However, the defects of optical system itself, the optical inhomogeneity of biological samples, and the change in the refractive index at the interface between the sample and the microscope's immersion medium have caused aberrations and reduced the imaging contrast and imaging resolution. Adaptive optics (AO) technology uses active optical components such as deformable mirrors and spatial light modulators to correct distorted wavefronts (aberrations), eliminate dynamic wavefront errors, and restore diffraction-limited performance. In recent years, many researchers have combined AO system with fluorescence microscope to correct the aberration caused by sample inhomogeneity and improve the imaging quality. In this paper, the basic principle of the AO technology is introduced, the applications of AO technology in fluorescence microscopic imaging in recent years are reviewed, and its future development trend is prospected.