• Journal of Semiconductors
  • Vol. 41, Issue 11, 111406 (2020)
Bingjun Tang and Li Geng
Author Affiliations
  • School of Microelectronics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/11/111406 Cite this Article
    Bingjun Tang, Li Geng. A survey of active quasi-circulators[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(11): 111406 Copy Citation Text show less
    Diagrams showing the S-parameter matrix of (a) an ideal circulator and (b) a quasi-circulator.
    Fig. 1. Diagrams showing the S-parameter matrix of (a) an ideal circulator and (b) a quasi-circulator.
    (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator based on phase cancellation. (b) Core of conventional active quasi-circulator.
    Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator based on phase cancellation. (b) Core of conventional active quasi-circulator.
    (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator with a tunable capacitor. (b) Isolation S31 varies with frequency. (c) Schematic of a tunable distributed active quasi-circulator.
    Fig. 3. (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator with a tunable capacitor. (b) Isolation S31 varies with frequency. (c) Schematic of a tunable distributed active quasi-circulator.
    (Color online) (a) Tunable active quasi-circulator with T-network phase shifters. (b) Schematic of the tunable active quasi-circulator by using DAs.
    Fig. 4. (Color online) (a) Tunable active quasi-circulator with T-network phase shifters. (b) Schematic of the tunable active quasi-circulator by using DAs.
    (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator with feedback technology. (b) Core circuit of feedback active quasi-circulator.
    Fig. 5. (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator with feedback technology. (b) Core circuit of feedback active quasi-circulator.
    (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator with dual technology. (a) Architecture of conventional active quasi-circulator. (b) Schematic of dual interference-cancelling active circulator.
    Fig. 6. (Color online) (a) Active quasi-circulator with dual technology. (a) Architecture of conventional active quasi-circulator. (b) Schematic of dual interference-cancelling active circulator.
    (Color online) Architecture of advanced dual interference-cancelling active circulator.
    Fig. 7. (Color online) Architecture of advanced dual interference-cancelling active circulator.
    (Color online) (a) LPTV active quasi-circulator. (b) Three-port circulator with a 3λ/4 transmission-line ring.
    Fig. 8. (Color online) (a) LPTV active quasi-circulator. (b) Three-port circulator with a 3λ/4 transmission-line ring.
    Bandwidth and isolation behaviors of state of art active quasi-circulators.
    Fig. 9. Bandwidth and isolation behaviors of state of art active quasi-circulators.
    Linearity behaviors of state of art active quasi-circulators.
    Fig. 10. Linearity behaviors of state of art active quasi-circulators.
    ParameterMWCL 2010[8]ISSCC 2015[34]JSSC 2015[35]ISSCC 2016[26]ISSCC 2017[28]MWCL 2017[22]IWS 2018[21]MWCL 2019[24]MWCL 2020[25]
    Technology180 nm CMOS180 nm CMOS65 nm CMOS65 nm CMOS45 nm CMOS SOI45 nm CMOS SOI180 nm CMOS180 nm CMOS180 nm CMOS
    Frequency (GHz)29–311.9–2.20.1–1.50.6–0.822.7–27.75.3–7.30.8–6.81–71–8
    Bandwidth (%)715175292032158150156
    |S31| (dB) 1250301518.530273634
    |S21| (dB) 4–63.7NA2.53.310.5 (gain)8–10108
    |S32| (dB) 7.2–7.93.902.53.259–1292.5
    |S23| (dB) 24NANANA5NA283016
    |S12| (dB) 22NANA2.5725201534
    |S13| (dB) 35NANANA8NA153033
    |S11| (dB) 6NA2051010368.5
    |S22| (dB) 5NANA5101051011
    |S33| (dB) 11.5NANANA14105118.5
    Tx-ANT IIP3 (dBm)NA70NA27.519.9207.379.79
    ANT-Rx IIP3 (dBm)NANANA8.720NA2.433.54.2
    ANT-RX NF (dB)NANA5.54.33.3–4.4202016–209–10
    Area (mm2) 0.411.751.51.42.61.570.35640.56650.45
    PDC (mW) 15NA43–5630378.44.512.825.224.8
    Table 1. Comparison with published active quasi-circulators.
    Bingjun Tang, Li Geng. A survey of active quasi-circulators[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(11): 111406
    Download Citation