• Journal of Semiconductors
  • Vol. 41, Issue 11, 111406 (2020)
Bingjun Tang and Li Geng
Author Affiliations
  • School of Microelectronics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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    DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/11/111406 Cite this Article
    Bingjun Tang, Li Geng. A survey of active quasi-circulators[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(11): 111406 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    With the development of multi-band wireless communication and the increasing data transmission rate, the circulator as an antenna interface must be able to work in multiple frequency bands and provides large bandwidth. It presents a high challenge to the design of circulators, especially the active quasi-circulators. In this survey, we review the representative active quasi-circulators and summarize three different techniques and the corresponding structures to show an incremental improvement of the isolation and bandwidth of the active quasi-circulators. In addition, we also compare the performance of several state-of-art active circulators, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we conclude the future trend of the active quasi-circulators.
    $\left| {{S_{31\rm{c}}}} \right| = \left| {{S_{31{\rm{f}}}}} \right| \cdot \alpha, $(1)

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    ${S_{31{\rm{cc}}}} = 2\dfrac{{{Z_1}}}{{{R_S} + {Z_1}}}\dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}3}}{Z_3}}}{{1 + {g_{{\rm m}3}}{Z_3}}}\left( {\dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}1}}R}}{{1 + \dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}1}}}}{{{C_1}S}}}} - \dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}2}}R}}{{1 + {g_{{\rm m}2}}{Z_{\rm a}}}}} \right) = 2AB(C - D){\kern 1pt}, $(2)

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    $\begin{array}{l} {S_{31{\rm d}}}\! \approx\! {S_{31{\rm{cc}}}} \!-\! 2\dfrac{{{Z_1}||{Z_{1\rm{d}}}}}{{{R_{\rm{s}}} \!+\! {Z_1}||{Z_{1{\rm d}}}}}\left[\! {\dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}4}}{Z_3}}}{{1 \!+\! {g_{{\rm m}4}}{Z_3}}}\left(\! {\dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}1{\rm d}}}{R_{\rm d}}}}{{1 \!+\! \dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}1{\rm d}}}}}{{{C_{1{\rm m}}}S}}}} \!-\! \dfrac{{{g_{{\rm m}2{\rm d}}}{R_{\rm d}}}}{{1 \!+\! {g_{{\rm m}2{\rm d}}}{Z_{{\rm{ad}}}}}}} \right)} \!\right]\\[9mm] \qquad= {S_{31{\rm{cc}}}} - 2AB\left( {E - F} \right), \end{array}$,(3)

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    ${S_{32}} \approx \frac{{{Z_2}Z^2_L}}{{{Z'}_2{Z'}^2_L}} \cdot {S'}_{32},$(4)

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    Bingjun Tang, Li Geng. A survey of active quasi-circulators[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(11): 111406
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