• Advanced Photonics Nexus
  • Vol. 2, Issue 1, 016010 (2023)
Kai Qu, Ke Chen*, Qi Hu, Junming Zhao, Tian Jiang, and Yijun Feng*
Author Affiliations
  • Nanjing University, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing, China
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    DOI: 10.1117/1.APN.2.1.016010 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Kai Qu, Ke Chen, Qi Hu, Junming Zhao, Tian Jiang, Yijun Feng. Deep-learning-assisted inverse design of dual-spin/frequency metasurface for quad-channel off-axis vortices multiplexing[J]. Advanced Photonics Nexus, 2023, 2(1): 016010 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Recently, the metasurfaces for independently controlling the wavefront and amplitude of two orthogonal circularly polarized electromagnetic (EM) waves have been demonstrated to open a way toward spin-multiplexing compact metadevices. However, these metasurfaces are mostly restricted to a single operation frequency band. The main challenge to achieving multiple frequency manipulations stems from the complicated and time-consuming design caused by multifrequency cross talk. To solve this problem, we propose a deep-learning-assisted inverse design method for designing a dual-spin/frequency metasurface with flexible multiplexing of off-axis vortices. By analyzing the cross talk between different spin/frequency channels based on the deep-learning method, we established the internal mapping relationship between the physical parameters of a meta-atom and its phase responses in multichannels, realizing the rapid inverse design of the spin/frequency multiplexing EM device. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated in the microwave region a dual-frequency arbitrary spin-to-orbit angular momentum converter, a dual-frequency off-axis vector vortex multiplexer, and a large-capacity (16-channel) vortex beam generator. The proposed method may provide a compact and efficient platform for the multiplexing of vortices, which may further stimulate their applications in wireless communication and quantum information science.
    α=(φRφL)/4,

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    φx=(φR+φL)/2,

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    φy=(φR+φL)/2π,

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    ΦlOAM(x,y)=l·arctan(y/x)with  l=2,1,1, and  2,

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    Φf1R(x,y)=Φ1OAM+π4py,

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    Φf1L(x,y)=Φ2OAMπ4px,

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    Φf2R(x,y)=Φ+2OAMπ2py,

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    Φf2L(x,y)=Φ+1OAM+π2px.

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    Φf1R(x,y)=Φ+2OAM+π4py,

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    Φf1L(x,y)=Φ2OAM+π4py,

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    Φf2R(x,y)=arg[exp(Φ+1OAM+π2px)+exp(Φ1OAMπ2px)],

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    Φf2L(x,y)=arg[exp(Φ+2OAM+π2px)+exp(Φ+2OAMπ2px)].

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    Kai Qu, Ke Chen, Qi Hu, Junming Zhao, Tian Jiang, Yijun Feng. Deep-learning-assisted inverse design of dual-spin/frequency metasurface for quad-channel off-axis vortices multiplexing[J]. Advanced Photonics Nexus, 2023, 2(1): 016010
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