The current technological development has a certain field of exploration and application for the health monitoring of building structures. As a sensor with good performance, the fiber grating sensor is widely used in civil structures. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Internet of Things sensing is applied in the health monitoring of special-shaped structure based on the technology. The structure principal and performance advantage of fiber gratings are mainly introduced. Combined with engineering project examples, the relevant application methods of FBG in the health monitoring of special-shaped structures is studied. and data analysis is carried out. The research shows that FBG sensors can be used in the health monitoring of special-shaped structures, and there are also certain promotion and application values for other related civil infrastructure structures.