In order to analyze the influences of rough surface parameters on the statistical characteristics of laser speckles, it is necessary to study the mapping relationship between laser speckles and target materials. Random rough surfaces with different combinations of root-mean-square roughness, correlation length, skewness, and kurtosis are simulated by computer, and the laser speckle patterns generated by these random surfaces are analyzed and processed based on the theoretical model of the laser speckle field. The results show that various surface characteristic parameters will affect the statistical characteristics of the laser speckle field, and the laser speckle fields formed under different combinations of surface parameters show great specificity. Therefore, the statistical characteristics of laser speckles studied in this paper may be used as effective information to distinguish the surface of materials in the future.