Xiaojun Xu. Development and Challenges of High Energy Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(1): 0114002

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- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114002 (2024)
![DPAL system in LLNL[44]. (a) 34 kW DPAL apparatus; (b) new generation of DPAL system](/richHtml/lop/2024/61/1/0114002/img_01.jpg)
Fig. 1. DPAL system in LLNL[44]. (a) 34 kW DPAL apparatus; (b) new generation of DPAL system
![DPAL system in AFRL[46]. (a) Layout of the laser system; (b) design of the atom cell](/richHtml/lop/2024/61/1/0114002/img_02.jpg)
Fig. 2. DPAL system in AFRL[46]. (a) Layout of the laser system; (b) design of the atom cell
![DILAS semiconductor pump source[47]. (a) Vertical bar array packaging; (b) fiber-coupled laser diode](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 3. DILAS semiconductor pump source[47]. (a) Vertical bar array packaging; (b) fiber-coupled laser diode
![DPAL apparatus in Russia and Japan. (a) kW-level Cs laser in Russia[16]; (b) DPAL experimental platform in Tokai University, Japan[48]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 4. DPAL apparatus in Russia and Japan. (a) kW-level Cs laser in Russia[16]; (b) DPAL experimental platform in Tokai University, Japan[48]

Fig. 5. DPAL design with the pump laser, output laser, and gas flow vertical to each other
![DPAL sapphire window based on micro/nano surface[65]. (a) Physical image; (b) enlarged picture of micro/nano surface](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 6. DPAL sapphire window based on micro/nano surface[65]. (a) Physical image; (b) enlarged picture of micro/nano surface

Fig. 7. Energy level and transition process of DPRGL
![Several representative discharge setups of DPRGL. (a) Pulse DC discharge[70]; (b) microwave micro discharge[71]; (c) radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge [72]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 8. Several representative discharge setups of DPRGL. (a) Pulse DC discharge[70]; (b) microwave micro discharge[71]; (c) radio frequency dielectric barrier discharge [72]
![DPRGL research platform in National University of Defense Technology[74]. (a) DPRGL platform based on the pulsed DC discharge; (b) atmospheric large volume plasma jet](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 9. DPRGL research platform in National University of Defense Technology[74]. (a) DPRGL platform based on the pulsed DC discharge; (b) atmospheric large volume plasma jet
![DPRGL power scaling scheme based on a multi-jet gain array[76]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 10. DPRGL power scaling scheme based on a multi-jet gain array[76]
![Principle of the EUV light generation by optical pumping of rare gas atoms[77]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 11. Principle of the EUV light generation by optical pumping of rare gas atoms[77]

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