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2024
Volume: 61 Issue 1
37 Article(s)
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Detectors
Research Progress of Multi-Band Compatible Infrared Camouflage Technology (Invited)
Qiang Li, Bing Qin, and Min Qiu
Infrared camouflage refers to the capability of hiding or changing the infrared radiation characteristics, hence improving the survival rate of the objects. However, advanced multi-band detection technologies have emerged as a significant threat to the objects, necessitating the development of multi-band compatible infInfrared camouflage refers to the capability of hiding or changing the infrared radiation characteristics, hence improving the survival rate of the objects. However, advanced multi-band detection technologies have emerged as a significant threat to the objects, necessitating the development of multi-band compatible infrared camouflage technologies. To address the challenge, it's of vital importance to clarify the camouflage requirements of different bands and design hierarchical structures based on the difference in electromagnetic response and structure size in these bands. Finally, it's essential to recognize the shortcomings of existing research and promote camouflage technologies more applicable, easy to prepare, and lower cost..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0104001 (2024)
Superconducting Single-Photon Detector and Its Applications in Biology (Invited)
Lü Chaolin, Lixing You, Jian Qin, Guangzhao Xu, Yanyang Jiang, and Jinghao Shi
Since its invention in 2001, superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) has rapidly grown into a star photon detector in the near-infrared band. Up to date, its system detection efficiency has exceeded 95% at the wavelength of 1550 nm, dark count rate less than 1 cps (counts per second), timing jitter bettSince its invention in 2001, superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) has rapidly grown into a star photon detector in the near-infrared band. Up to date, its system detection efficiency has exceeded 95% at the wavelength of 1550 nm, dark count rate less than 1 cps (counts per second), timing jitter better than 10 ps, detection rate higher than 1 GHz, and it is widely used in the field of quantum information. Recently, limited by the low signal-to-noise ratio and afterpulsing of semiconductor single-photon detectors in the near-infrared band, researchers began to introduce SNSPDs into biology. This article introduces the detection principle and performance of SNSPD, and review the application status and development prospects of SNSPD in the field of biology..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0104002 (2024)
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Research Progress in Photon-Assisted Terahertz Communication Technology (Invited)
Jianjun Yu
Terahertz band (0.1 THz to 10 THz) with high carrier frequency and large available bandwidth has become a promising candidate to meet the 100 Gbit/s or even 1 Tbit/s data rate required by the future six-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. Compared with the all-electrical methods to generate terahertz signalsTerahertz band (0.1 THz to 10 THz) with high carrier frequency and large available bandwidth has become a promising candidate to meet the 100 Gbit/s or even 1 Tbit/s data rate required by the future six-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. Compared with the all-electrical methods to generate terahertz signals, the photon-assisted technology can break the bottleneck of the bandwidth limit of the electronics devices, and generate the terahertz signal with high frequency, large bandwidth, flexible tunability and easy integration with the large capacity fiber link. Based on the photon-assisted technology and various key techniques, devices and advanced digital signal processing algorithms, we have obtained many great achievements in different fields of broadband terahertz communication and sensing. In the field of large-capacity terahertz transmission, we realize the large system capacity of over 1 Tbit/s based on multidimensional multiplexing techniques, and the largest capacity can be up to 6.4 Tbit/s. In the field of long-distance terahertz transmission, we have designed a high-gain terahertz antenna module and realized 335 GHz THz wireless transmission of up to 400 m. In the field of real-time terahertz communication, we achieve a record-breaking 100, 2×100 GbE terahertz real-time communication system based on the commercial digital coherent optics module. In the field of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), we generate the ISAC signal based on both time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing schemes, and realize the communication in the terahertz band and the high-precision sensing function at the same time. In the field of terahertz wired transmission, we realize the 1 m wired transmission of 300 GHz terahertz signal based on the Ag-coated metallic hollow core fiber, and the net system capacity is over 140 Gbit/s. In this paper, the experimental setups of the above systems have been demonstrated in detail and results have also been discussed..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0106001 (2024)
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry and Its Application Progress (Invited)
Yiping Wang, Huajian Zhong, Rongyi Shan, Wenfa Liang, Zhenwei Peng, Yanjie Meng, Changrui Liao, and Cailing Fu
The optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR) boasts distributed sensing capabilities, including high spatial resolution, precision, and sensitivity. This technology exhibits significant promise across diverse applications, ranging from oil and gas resource exploration to structural health monitoring and minimally The optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR) boasts distributed sensing capabilities, including high spatial resolution, precision, and sensitivity. This technology exhibits significant promise across diverse applications, ranging from oil and gas resource exploration to structural health monitoring and minimally invasive medical intervention surgery. Despite its merits, challenges such as sweep frequency nonlinear noise, coherent fading noise, and weak Rayleigh backscatter signals in optical fibers can impact the performance of optical frequency domain reflectors. This article elucidates the fundamental principles of optical frequency domain reflectors and expounds on two sensing demodulation methods: wavelength and phase. Additionally, it delves into various strategies for mitigating sweep frequency nonlinear noise and coherent fading noise. The discussion extends to the progress in sensing applications of optical frequency domain reflectors, encompassing three-dimensional shape, large strain, high temperature, refractive index, and other pertinent aspects..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0106002 (2024)
Real-Time Algorithm for Low-Orbit Satellite Laser Communication (Invited)
Qi Yang, Yizhou Wang, Yuanxiang Wang, Feng Fan, Jing Li, Zipeng Liang, Tian Qiu, and Xiaoxiao Dai
We optimized the clock recovery algorithm and forward error correction code to address the challenges associated with an autonomous clock source and intricate transmission channel in a real-time, low-power-consumption scenario for low-orbit satellite laser communication. The successful implementation of this optimizatiWe optimized the clock recovery algorithm and forward error correction code to address the challenges associated with an autonomous clock source and intricate transmission channel in a real-time, low-power-consumption scenario for low-orbit satellite laser communication. The successful implementation of this optimization includes an all-digital clock recovery algorithm and a low-density parity check (LDPC) compilation code, demonstrating minimal resource consumption, low latency, and power consumption of only 0.129 W and 1.199 W, respectively. Subsequently, we constructed a desktop demonstration system that effectively showcases real-time spatial optical transmission using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation and coherent detection at a communication rate of 1.024 Gbit/s. Notably, the clock error in this system is approximately 1.50 × 10-4. This achievement reflects a fine balance between performance and efficiency in the context of low-orbit satellite laser communication..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0106003 (2024)
Microfluidic Fiber Optic Sensors: from Functional Integration to Functional Design (Invited)
Tingting Yuan, Xiaotong Zhang, Xinghua Yang, and Libo Yuan
With the maturity of microfluidic technology, cross-fusion of microfluidic chip technology and optical microfluidic method in microstructured fiber has gradually formed a new development direction. This paper briefly reviews how this technology can integrate simple functions by using the special structure of microstrucWith the maturity of microfluidic technology, cross-fusion of microfluidic chip technology and optical microfluidic method in microstructured fiber has gradually formed a new development direction. This paper briefly reviews how this technology can integrate simple functions by using the special structure of microstructured fiber in the initial stage. It is now extended to a new stage of functional design of optical fibers based on special needs, in order to realize the purpose of constructing microfluidic sensing systems inside micro-structured optical fibers. The development of this direction not only promotes the combination of optical waveguide and microfluidic material detection technology, but also opens up a new method and a new way to realize the high-sensitivity fiber microfluidic sensor technology in the microstructure fiber with different detection principles..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0106004 (2024)
Fiber Laser Frequency Comb Based on a 45° Tilted Fiber Grating (Invited)
Zinan Huang, Qianqian Huang, Haochen Tian, Zhijun Yan, Meng Zou, Jinghua Sun, Chenglin Gu, Kai Wang, Zishuo Xu, Weixi Li, Lilong Dai, Xindong Liang, and Chengbo Mou
A highly reliable and stable erbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser was constructed using a 45°-tilted fiber grating (45°-TFG) as a fiber polarizer. Based on this, precise signal stabilization of the repetition frequency frep and carrier-envelope offset frequency fceo was achieved. When the pump power is 228 mWA highly reliable and stable erbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser was constructed using a 45°-tilted fiber grating (45°-TFG) as a fiber polarizer. Based on this, precise signal stabilization of the repetition frequency
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0106005 (2024)
Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology
Videometrics Methods and Applications of Static and Dynamic Deformation of Large-Scale Structures (Invited)
Qifeng Yu, Qiang Zhang, Wenjun Chen, Yihe Yin, Mingjie Chen, Yu Lei, Lihao Liu, Xiaolin Liu, Yueqiang Zhang, Biao Hu, and Xiaohua Ding
Deformation measurement plays a crucial role in large-scale structures, experimental mechanics, and structural health monitoring. However, the current measurement methods do not meet the requirements of precise, efficient, and cost-effective measurements for such structures on a large scale with high precision. TherefoDeformation measurement plays a crucial role in large-scale structures, experimental mechanics, and structural health monitoring. However, the current measurement methods do not meet the requirements of precise, efficient, and cost-effective measurements for such structures on a large scale with high precision. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new measurement methods and technologies. In recent years, videometrics methods, which utilize cameras as sensors, have gained popularity due to their non-contact nature, high accuracy, and low cost. This paper reviews both single-camera and multi-camera measurement systems based on the camera network measurement method and system developed by our team. It discusses key algorithms used in multi-camera systems, including image acquisition, camera calibration, feature extraction and tracking, and deformation calculation. Additionally, the paper explores the applications of videometrics technology in long-term monitoring and rapid detection, as well as the main factors that influence system stability. Finally, it summarizes the achievements and challenges of measurement methods and technologies for static and dynamic deformation of large-scale engineering structures, providing an outlook on future development trends..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0112001 (2024)
Optical Frequency Domain Distributed Polarization Measurement Technology and Applications (Invited)
Zhangjun Yu, Jun Yang, Chen Zou, Cuofu Lin, Yuncai Wang, and Yuwen Qin
Optical frequency domain polarimetry (OFDP) is a distributed fiber polarization measurement technique based on optical frequency domain interferometry principles. It accurately measures the spatial distribution of polarization crosstalk and polarization extinction ratio for polarization maintaining fibers, components aOptical frequency domain polarimetry (OFDP) is a distributed fiber polarization measurement technique based on optical frequency domain interferometry principles. It accurately measures the spatial distribution of polarization crosstalk and polarization extinction ratio for polarization maintaining fibers, components and devices, and optical fiber system, thereby achieving performance tests, quality evaluation, defect analysis, and fault diagnosis for high-performance polarization maintaining components. Its advantages include ultra-high polarization crosstalk measurement sensitivity, ultra-large dynamic range, high spatial resolution, long measurement distance, and agile measurement. Thus, it becomes one of the distributed fiber measurement technologies with the best overall performances. This paper reviews the measurement principle of OFDP technology, quantitatively analyzes the measurement accuracy limit of distributed polarization crosstalk. Then, the performance improvement technologies for distributed polarization measurement are summarized. Finally, OFDP's applications for measuring typical high-precision polarization maintaining devices are demonstrated, and the technology challenges and future development directions are discussed..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0112002 (2024)
Ultrafast Microwave Photonics Frequency Measurement Technology (Invited)
Henan Wang, Liang Chen, Yongguang Qi, Dexin Ba, and Yongkang Dong
Microwave photonics frequency measurement technology uses optical structure and technology to generate, manipulate, transmit and measure high-speed microwave, and combines the advantages of high bandwidth, high reuse and low loss of photonics with the advantages of high precision, flexibility and easy regulation of micMicrowave photonics frequency measurement technology uses optical structure and technology to generate, manipulate, transmit and measure high-speed microwave, and combines the advantages of high bandwidth, high reuse and low loss of photonics with the advantages of high precision, flexibility and easy regulation of microwave technology, which can greatly improve the performance of existing dynamic spectrum monitoring systems. It has significant advantages and application prospects in electronic countermeasures, radar, high-speed communication and other fields. In this paper, the research progress of microwave photonics frequency measurement technology is summarized, and the key indicators of frequency measurement speed and precision of three kinds of microwave photonics frequency measurement technology, including spectrum analysis, power mapping and channel type, are compared. Finally, the research work of microwave photon frequency measurement technology based on optical chirped chain transient stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is discussed..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0112003 (2024)
Lasers and Laser Optics
Dual-Wavelength Mid-Infrared Laser for Long-Range Gas Detection (Invited)
Lü Xinjie, Bin Yang, Hongquan Yao, Xiaohan Wang, Hui Wu, Lingbing Bu, and Shining Zhu
In order to achieve the purpose of long-range gas detection, a mid-infrared laser with dual wavelength output is developed; this system is based on an optical parametric oscillator composed of superlattice materials. The optical parametric oscillator realizes a mid-infrared pulsed laser output of nanosecond order with In order to achieve the purpose of long-range gas detection, a mid-infrared laser with dual wavelength output is developed; this system is based on an optical parametric oscillator composed of superlattice materials. The optical parametric oscillator realizes a mid-infrared pulsed laser output of nanosecond order with a 500 Hz repetition rate and a single pulse energy that exceeds 1 mJ through seed injection, and effectively aligns the NO, NO2, and SO2 absorption peaks in the 2.6‒4.0 μm range. The laser performance is validated in a remote gas detection experiment based on a gas dynamic emission experiment..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114001 (2024)
Development and Challenges of High Energy Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (Invited)
Xiaojun Xu
Diode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) have developed rapidly in recent years, with their advantages of high energy, high efficiency, compactness, and single-aperture operation becoming increasingly prominent. In this paper, the technical characteristics of DPALs are introduced, the development history is reviewed, and theDiode pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) have developed rapidly in recent years, with their advantages of high energy, high efficiency, compactness, and single-aperture operation becoming increasingly prominent. In this paper, the technical characteristics of DPALs are introduced, the development history is reviewed, and the critical factors for power scaling are discussed. In addition, the development of the recently emerged DPAL-like gas lasers is briefly introduced..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114002 (2024)
Research Progress in Narrow Linewidth Laser Technology (Invited)
Tao Zhu, Da Wei, Leilei Shi, Ligang Huang, Jiali Li, and Minzhi Xu
Laser linewidth, an important parameter characterizing laser coherence, has attracted considerable attention since the dawn of laser technology. Narrow-linewidth lasers have been widely used in the fields of gravitational wave detection, cold atomic physics, coherent optical communication, optical precision measurementLaser linewidth, an important parameter characterizing laser coherence, has attracted considerable attention since the dawn of laser technology. Narrow-linewidth lasers have been widely used in the fields of gravitational wave detection, cold atomic physics, coherent optical communication, optical precision measurement, and microwave photonic signal processing because of their high spectral purity, long coherence length, and low phase noise. With the development of modern information technology, narrow-linewidth lasers, as the core light source for these applications, are expected to have some new properties, such as extreme tuning of parameters, time-frequency ultrastability, wavelength tuning, and wavelength sweeping, while the intrinsic linewidth, noise, and other parameters are further optimized. The intrinsic linewidth of a laser originates from spontaneous radiation noise; to eliminate the spontaneous radiation noise, researchers are focusing on the development of linewidth compression of narrow-linewidth lasers. Throughout the development history of narrow-linewidth lasers, the laser cavity configuration from a simple two-mirror structure, the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), the distributed feedback (DFB) main cavity configuration to the external cavity configuration and finally to the wavelength adaptive distributed weak feedback configuration, whose core idea is to use the feedback signal on the spontaneous radiation noise suppression. This paper takes the evolutionary development of laser main cavity configuration as the narrative vein, summarizes the research progress of various narrow linewidth laser technologies, and compares the similarities and differences of various laser cavity configurations in the laser linewidth compression and noise suppression. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the newly developed wavelength-adaptive distributed weak feedback narrow-linewidth lasers. Moreover, it analyzes and discusses the physical concept of narrow-linewidth lasers as well as the core devices and system performance based on this type of lasers..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114003 (2024)
Effect of Surface Pretreatment on Interfacial Bonding of Ti6Al4V Coating Prepared by Supersonic Laser Deposition (Invited)
Jianhua Yao, Bo Li, Qunli Zhang, Yaofeng Hu, Jiatao Jiang, Qiwei Song, and Jianjun Wang
This study is focused on the investigation of the effect of substrate surface pretreatment on the interfacial bonding between a Ti6Al4V coating, prepared by supersonic laser deposition, and a substrate. Prior to the deposition, the substrate surface is pretreated by three different methods, namely polishing, grinding, This study is focused on the investigation of the effect of substrate surface pretreatment on the interfacial bonding between a Ti6Al4V coating, prepared by supersonic laser deposition, and a substrate. Prior to the deposition, the substrate surface is pretreated by three different methods, namely polishing, grinding, and sand blasting. The phase composition and roughness of the substrate surface are analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer and a surface profilometer, respectively. An optical microscope is employed to analyze the interfacial bonding between the coating and substrate, while the bonding characteristics between the particles and substrates with different surface roughness, is numerically evaluated using a finite element model based on single particle impact. The results indicate that the coating detaches from the substrate treated by grinding owing to the formation of titanium-oxide ceramic phases on the substrate surface. However, the surface roughness of the polished substrate is lower than that of the sand blasted one, and thus, the coating/polished substrate interface is more tightly bonded. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that because of the undulating characteristics of the substrate surface, the particle/substrate interface shows inhomogeneous temperature and strain distributions, which prevent close bonding between the particles and substrates..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114004 (2024)
Ultrafast Laser Technology for Fabricating Flexible Electronics: Mechanisms, Functions, and Challenges (Invited)
Lingfei Ji, Weigao Sun, Zhenyuan Lin, Bohao Zhou, Wei Cheng, Yanan Wen, and Guanqiang Wang
With the advent of the intelligence age, flexible electronics have been increasing importance in the development of modern industries owing to their extremely strong conformal capability and excellent device performance. Ultrafast laser technology possesses unique advantages and application prospects in the high-resoluWith the advent of the intelligence age, flexible electronics have been increasing importance in the development of modern industries owing to their extremely strong conformal capability and excellent device performance. Ultrafast laser technology possesses unique advantages and application prospects in the high-resolution non-destructive fabrication of flexible electronics because of its superior capability in high precision manufacturing. In this study, the basic mechanism of ultrafast laser-matter interaction is first introduced. Afterward, the cutting-edge applications and research status of four typical ultrafast laser technologies used in the current field of flexible electronics are presented. Accordingly, the challenges and future development trends in ultrafast laser application in the field are summarized and prospected..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114005 (2024)
Intelligent Technologies Enhancing Femtosecond Lasers: Characterization and Control (Invited)
Chao Luo, Lilin Yi, and Guoqing Pu
Femtosecond lasers have extremely high application value in both academic and industrial fields. Accurate and rapid characterization, as well as precise control of femtosecond lasers, hold vital position in their diverse applications. Conventional characterization methods for femtosecond pulses rely on nonlinearities tFemtosecond lasers have extremely high application value in both academic and industrial fields. Accurate and rapid characterization, as well as precise control of femtosecond lasers, hold vital position in their diverse applications. Conventional characterization methods for femtosecond pulses rely on nonlinearities thereby involving complex optical setups. The control over femtosecond pulses often relies on open-loop manual tuning, where the stable optimal control is not guaranteed. As a result, the application of femtosecond lasers is greatly limited. In recent years, the emergence of intelligent technologies has provided a new paradigm for femtosecond laser research. Through introducing intelligent technologies properly, the single-shot full-field characterization over the low-energy, high-repetition-rate femtosecond pulse train and the on-demand intelligent control over femtosecond pulses can be expected in the future..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114006 (2024)
Coherent Beam Combining Technology for Diode Lasers (Invited)
Chao Zhang, Xuechun Lin, Pengfei Zhao, Zhiyong Dong, Nan Wang, Yingying Yang, and Haijuan Yu
High-power diode lasers with excellent beam quality are used in various applications in laser processing, laser communication, scientific research, and other fields. Improving the output power and beam quality of diode lasers remains a primary focus of international research and a hot topic in the field. Among numerousHigh-power diode lasers with excellent beam quality are used in various applications in laser processing, laser communication, scientific research, and other fields. Improving the output power and beam quality of diode lasers remains a primary focus of international research and a hot topic in the field. Among numerous strategies to augment diode laser output power, beam combining technology stands out as the simplest and most effective. Incoherent beam combination often increases output power at the expense of decreasing spatial, polarization, or spectral characteristics, making it suitable for applications with less stringent beam requirements. Conversely, coherent beam combination not only increases the output power of diode lasers but also improves the beam quality and narrows the spectral linewidth, presenting an important direction for advancing the development of high-brightness, narrow linewidth diode laser technology. This article concisely delineates the principles and requirements of coherent beam combinations. Starting with phase locking technology, this paper presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in coherent beam combining technology for diode lasers. The advantages and drawbacks of active and passive phase locking are summarized. Active phase locking technology, which employs a master oscillator power amplifier structure and implements a phase-negative feedback, has advantage in the number of combined units. This enables high-power coherent output, eventhough the technology has a structurally complex nature. Meanwhile, passive phase locking technology, characterized by a simple structure, typically achieves phase locking among units through diffraction effects in an external or a common cavity, demonstrating its self-organizing phase locking characteristics; however, the technology is less effective in realizing high-power output. Finally, the future development of coherent beam combining technology for diode lasers is discussed..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114007 (2024)
Progress of Chaotic Semiconductor Lasers and Their Applications (Invited)
Lijun Qiao, Xiaona Wang, Yukai Hao, and Mingjiang Zhang
Chaotic laser is a kind of unstable output form of semiconductor laser, with the characteristics of broad spectrum, noise-like and low coherence, which has a wide range of applications in the fields of communication, radar and sensing. This paper introduces three main working mechanisms of chaotic semiconductor lasers:Chaotic laser is a kind of unstable output form of semiconductor laser, with the characteristics of broad spectrum, noise-like and low coherence, which has a wide range of applications in the fields of communication, radar and sensing. This paper introduces three main working mechanisms of chaotic semiconductor lasers: optical feedback, optical injection and optoelectronic feedback method, and focuses on the chaotic performance of typical chaotic semiconductor lasers such as spectral bandwidth, time-delay characteristics as well as complexity and their research progress; then focuses on the development trend of photonically-integrated chaotic semiconductor lasers; at last describes the role of chaotic semiconductor laser in the classified optical communication, random number generator, LiDAR, distributed fiber optic sensing technology, chaotic optical time-domain reflectometer and other fields. This review would provide a reference for the development and application prospects of chaotic semiconductor lasers with broadband power spectrum and low time delay signatures..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114008 (2024)
Recent Progress of Ultrafast Fiber Lasers Based on Active Light Field Modulation (Invited)
Jiahao Liu, Zhichao Luo, Zexian Zhang, Yitao Yang, Daixuan Wu, Meng Liu, Aiping Luo, and Wencheng Xu
We provide a recent overview of the research progress in ultrafast fiber lasers incorporating intracavity spatial light modulator (SLM). We summarize the fundamental functions and output characteristics of ultrafast fiber lasers based on intracavity SLM and introduce the research achievement of the author's researcWe provide a recent overview of the research progress in ultrafast fiber lasers incorporating intracavity spatial light modulator (SLM). We summarize the fundamental functions and output characteristics of ultrafast fiber lasers based on intracavity SLM and introduce the research achievement of the author's research group regarding intracavity SLM. Finally, we offer outlook into the developmental trends and potential applications of ultrafast fiber lasers based on intracavity SLM..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114009 (2024)
Femtosecond Laser Additive Manufacturing of Dual-Responsive Microstructure Arrays on Flexible Substrates (Invited)
Tianhao Wen, Yonglai Zhang, Jiayi Wan, and Dongdong Han
Microstructures with stimulus-responsive deformation capabilities can convert external stimulation signals to generate mechanical deformation, holding significant potential for frontier applications in automation technology, micro-robotics, and microfluidic chips. However, the development of intelligent microstructuresMicrostructures with stimulus-responsive deformation capabilities can convert external stimulation signals to generate mechanical deformation, holding significant potential for frontier applications in automation technology, micro-robotics, and microfluidic chips. However, the development of intelligent microstructures relies on smart materials and shaping technologies, which are not only limited to a few material systems but also confined to single-stimulus responsive deformation. This work proposes a novel approach to fabricate protein microstructure arrays on shape-memory thin films using femtosecond laser two-photon additive manufacturing technology, achieving dual-responsive deformation of microstructure array size and period. Initially, the microstructure array is mechanically stretched and characterized under heat treatment, enabling control of the structural period, which can be restored under thermal stimulation. Simultaneously, bovine serum albumin microstructures exhibit reversible swelling and contraction deformation under different pH conditions. Combining smart materials with shape-memory substrates imparts more complex and controllable dual-responsive deformation to the microstructure array. This study offers beneficial exploration for the application of intelligent microstructure arrays in microfluidic systems..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0114010 (2024)
Materials
Advancements in Ultrafast-Laser-Inducing Micro-Nanophotonic Structures Inside Lithium Niobate (Invited)
Bo Zhang, Ziquan Wang, Zhuo Wang, and Jianrong Qiu
Lithium niobate has become an essential fundamental material for constructing next-generation integrated optoelectronic devices and optical systems because of its excellent optical properties. The technique for strong field-material interaction-based ultrafast-laser-selective material modification enables the on-demandLithium niobate has become an essential fundamental material for constructing next-generation integrated optoelectronic devices and optical systems because of its excellent optical properties. The technique for strong field-material interaction-based ultrafast-laser-selective material modification enables the on-demand construction of functionalized lithium niobate micro-nanostructures in three-dimensional space, providing a powerful tool for the development of lithium niobate photonics, advanced processing techniques, and integrated photonic devices and optical systems. In this review, we focused on the recent milestone progress achieved by research teams worldwide. Starting from the fundamental principles of ultrafast laser modification in lithium niobate, we introduced new phenomena, mechanisms, and applications of ultrafast-laser-induced micro-nanophotonic structures inside lithium niobate crystals, including ultrafast laser direct writing of optical waveguides, nonlinear photonic crystal preparation, ferroelectric domain manipulation, and multidimensional data storage. Finally, we presented a perspective on the prospects of ultrafast-laser-empowered lithium niobate photonics..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0116001 (2024)
Local Structure Design and Application of Rare-Earth Doped Alkaline Earth Fluorite Laser Crystal (Invited)
Liangbi Su, Fengkai Ma, Zhen Zhang, Dapeng Jiang, Zhonghan Zhang, Huamin Kou, Zhen Li, Zhenqiang Chen, and Jun Xu
Presently, the superintense and ultrafast laser technologies are developed towards all-solid-state, high-repetition-rate and new wavelength bands. As one of the most important factors, the development of new laser gain materials becomes more and more crucial. Rare-earth doped alkaline-earth fluoride laser crystals havePresently, the superintense and ultrafast laser technologies are developed towards all-solid-state, high-repetition-rate and new wavelength bands. As one of the most important factors, the development of new laser gain materials becomes more and more crucial. Rare-earth doped alkaline-earth fluoride laser crystals have high thermal conductivities and broad spectral bandwidths, which are very promising in generation of all-solid-state high-repetition-rate ultrafast lasers. In this work, the rare-earth cluster structure characteristics and the evolving processes and features are briefly summarized. Focusing on the structural design, spectral regulation and laser applications, the framework of local structure design for exploring new broadband ultrafast rare-earth doped alkaline-earth fluoride laser crystals is reviewed, along with the recent advances. The development trends were also prospected..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0116002 (2024)
Research Progress of New Deep Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystals (Invited)
Shilie Pan, and Fangfang Zhang
Deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals are the core materials of all-solid-state deep ultraviolet laser sources, which can change the laser frequency through nonlinear optical effects and output deep ultraviolet lasers with wavelengths shorter than 200 nm. They have important application values in deep ultravioletDeep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals are the core materials of all-solid-state deep ultraviolet laser sources, which can change the laser frequency through nonlinear optical effects and output deep ultraviolet lasers with wavelengths shorter than 200 nm. They have important application values in deep ultraviolet laser lithography, semiconductor chip defect detection, high-end scientific research equipment and other fields. In recent years, a series of progress has been made in the research of new deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal materials, and candidate materials with excellent comprehensive performance have emerged. This paper focuses on the crystal materials with experimentally measured refractive index and phase-matching wavelength reaching the deep ultraviolet region, summarizes the research progress in material discovery, crystal preparation, basic properties, and structure-property relationship, and discusses the development trend of practical deep ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal materials..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0116003 (2024)
Research Progress in Nonlinear Optical Crystals for High-Power Laser (Invited)
Mingxia Xu, Haohai Yu, Dazhi Lu, Xun Sun, Xinguang Xu, and Huaijin Zhang
Nonlinear optical crystals represented by potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)/potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP), lithium triborate (LBO), yttrium oxycalcium borate (YCOB), and langanite (LGN) have obtained important applications in the series of laser technologies from ultraviolet to mid-infrared, and have been wNonlinear optical crystals represented by potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)/potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP), lithium triborate (LBO), yttrium oxycalcium borate (YCOB), and langanite (LGN) have obtained important applications in the series of laser technologies from ultraviolet to mid-infrared, and have been widely concerned by the researchers for a long time. The improvement of crystal quality and the expansion of aperture have become the focus of current international competition. In this paper, focusing on the important requirements of high power laser, we review the research status of important nonlinear optical crystals such as KDP/DKDP, LBO, YCOB, and LGN, introduce their research progress in the growth of large-scale single crystals and nonlinear optical properties, and analyze their application prospects in the field of nonlinear optics with high power laser. Finally, the possible key development directions and emphasis of nonlinear optical crystals for high power laser are discussed..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0116004 (2024)
Photostimulated Information Storage Material for Novel Near-Infrared Writing Based on Thermal-Assisted Excitation (Invited)
Xiaojun Li, Xiaqing Jiang, Caiming Chen, Ruoxi Gao, Zhangwen Long, and Jianbei Qiu
Photostimulated luminescent (PSL) materials written by near-infrared (NIR) light can not only promote the practical application of PSL materials for information storage, but also play a significant role in biological imaging and coding. However, high-capacity PSL materials for NIR writing are still lacking considerablyPhotostimulated luminescent (PSL) materials written by near-infrared (NIR) light can not only promote the practical application of PSL materials for information storage, but also play a significant role in biological imaging and coding. However, high-capacity PSL materials for NIR writing are still lacking considerably. Herein, BaSi2O5∶Eu2+,Nd3+ with thermal-assisted increment filling capacity that could be excited by ultraviolet light was first selected, and Yb3+ ions were further doped to it for optimizing the thermal conversion of NIR light. Combined with the up-conversion luminescent material NaYF4∶Yb3+,Tm3+ containing blue and violet light emission, intensity multiplexing of optical storage application was successfully demonstrated solely using a 980 nm laser regulation. This study provides an efficient NIR light writing-type PSL material and demonstrates the high efficiency for NIR writing on thermal-assisted photoexcited luminescent materials..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0116005 (2024)
Medical Optics and Biotechnology
Research Progress and Perspective of Clinically Promising Flexible CO2 Laser Delivery Mediums (Invited)
Guangming Tao, Yuqi Zou, Chao Liu, and Zhihe Ren
Mid-infrared (MIR) lasers offer substantial benefits, including non-contact operation, high efficiency, and precision, making them widely utilized in clinical surgical procedures such as lesion tissue removal, tissue plasticity, and tumor interstitial photothermal therapy. Notably, carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, among vaMid-infrared (MIR) lasers offer substantial benefits, including non-contact operation, high efficiency, and precision, making them widely utilized in clinical surgical procedures such as lesion tissue removal, tissue plasticity, and tumor interstitial photothermal therapy. Notably, carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, among various MIR lasers, are extensively employed in skin, ear, nose, throat, and abdominal surgeries due to their exceptionally high ablation efficiency and precision. However, the lack of stable and high-performance small-scale, flexible laser energy-delivering mediums for CO2 lasers restricts their use in minimally invasive or noninvasive procedures, a capability present in mature silica fibers used in holmium, neodymium, and other near-infrared lasers for conducting minimally invasive interventional operations in natural cavities in vivo. Presently, CO2 laser procedures typically rely on energy-delivering mediums such as articulated arms and hollow waveguides but this considerably hampers the application of CO2 laser in minimally invasive surgeries. To enhance the role of CO2 lasers in clinical medicine, we review and summarize existing medical CO2 laser energy-delivering mediums, focusing on the advances in thermal-drawn multi-material fiber technology in CO2 laser surgery, and explore future development trends and applications of multifunctional flexible CO2 laser ablation robotic fibers..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0117001 (2024)
Memories
[in Chinese]
Shizhan Lei
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0138001 (2024)
[in Chinese]
Xiue Chen
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0138002 (2024)
Nonlinear Optics
Stimulated Phonon Polariton and Terahertz Physics (Invited)
Qiang Wu, Yao Lu, Ruobin Ma, Xitan Xu, Yibo Huang, and Jingjun Xu
More than 70 years ago, Prof. Huang Kun proposed the famous “Huang's equations” and the concept of “phonon polariton”, marking the beginning of polariton research. So far, the Huang Kun equation, named after a local Chinese scientist, remains one of the best theories for describing polaritons. In the following decaMore than 70 years ago, Prof. Huang Kun proposed the famous “Huang's equations” and the concept of “phonon polariton”, marking the beginning of polariton research. So far, the Huang Kun equation, named after a local Chinese scientist, remains one of the best theories for describing polaritons. In the following decades, with the rapid development of ultrafast optics, nanooptics, and terahertz physics and technology, phonon polaritons have once again become a hot research frontier. The related research on surface phonon polaritons has brought new dimensions to the localization and control of electromagnetic waves. In recent years, the team at Nankai University has developed the Huang's equations and proposed the concept of “stimulated phonon polaritons”, gradually opening the door to the study of light matter interactions in which phonon polaritons participate and lead. Various terahertz applications integrated on lithium niobate chips based on stimulated phonon polaritons have also benefited from this and achieved significant development. This article will review the relevant concepts of phonon polaritons and stimulated phonon polaritons, introduce the interaction system between light and matter under the participation of stimulated phonon polaritons, and take research on terahertz nonlinear optics and lithium niobate chip integration as examples to explain the recent development of phonon polaritons and terahertz physics..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0119001 (2024)
Optical Devices
Research Progress of Metasurface-Based Jones Matrix Modulation (Invited)
Chao Feng, Tao He, Yuzhi Shi, Zhanshan Wang, and Xinbin Cheng
Polarization, a fundamental degree of freedom of the optical field, has important applications in many fields of optical technology. The optical field modulation performance of optical devices is often expressed by the Jones matrix with its number of controllable channels characterizing the polarization control capabilPolarization, a fundamental degree of freedom of the optical field, has important applications in many fields of optical technology. The optical field modulation performance of optical devices is often expressed by the Jones matrix with its number of controllable channels characterizing the polarization control capability. With the rapid development of optical technology, novel applications, such as polarization imaging, information coding, and optical encryption, require optical devices to independently modulate multiple Jones-matrix channels while considering the need for miniaturization. Metasurface, a planar optical device composed of artificial subwavelength nano-structures with specific order, is expected to have a greater role in the field of polarization optics devices owing to its natural advantage of integration and powerful ability to modulate electromagnetic waves with arbitrary customization. In this paper, we first introduce the phase and amplitude modulation mechanisms of the metasurfaces, then systematically review the development of Jones matrix modulated metasurfaces with an increase in the number of controllable channels, and finally, provide an outlook on the future development of Jones matrix modulation technology for metasurfaces..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0123001 (2024)
Efficient Photoelectric Coupling Simulation and Machine Learning Study of Perovskite Solar Cells (Invited)
Ruiying Kong, Yijun Wei, Jiacheng Chen, Tianshu Ma, Yaohui Zhan, and Xiaofeng Li
In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention because of their remarkable advantages in power conversion efficiency and manufacturing cost. However, their complex physical mechanisms and numerous constraints pose challenges to experimental design, process fabrication, and comprehensive opIn recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention because of their remarkable advantages in power conversion efficiency and manufacturing cost. However, their complex physical mechanisms and numerous constraints pose challenges to experimental design, process fabrication, and comprehensive optimization strategies. Here, we carried out a series of multi-physical field simulations with the optoelectronic multi-physical field coupling model as the core, and studied the underlying physics and boundary conditions of the optoelectronic coupling model, and then obtained a large amount of data on the optical and electrical properties of PSCs. Based on these data, we established the machine learning models and neural network models for the micro physical quantities and macro photoelectric responses, which predicted the performance of PSCs with an error of less than 3% in a fast speed. Combined with the genetic algorithm, the model reversely optimized the structural parameters according to the given response curves to obtain the more efficient PSCs. This study effectively solves the problem that PSCs are difficult to optimize design due to complex photoelectric coupling mechanism, numerous physical property parameters and slow simulation speed, and provides a feasible path for rapid and intelligent design of photovoltaic devices..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0123002 (2024)
OPTOELECTRONICS
Research Progress in Full-Color Display of Micro-Light-Emitting Diode (Invited)
Lixiang Huang, Bing Han, Long Yan, Xiangjie Zhao, Youliang Zhu, Xiao Lin, Ziwei Li, and Anlian Pan
Display technology that uses light-emitting diodes is extensively used in devices such as televisions, computers, and mobile phones. Compared to traditional liquid crystal displays and organic light-emitting diode screens, the micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) displays offer notable benefits in size, performance, Display technology that uses light-emitting diodes is extensively used in devices such as televisions, computers, and mobile phones. Compared to traditional liquid crystal displays and organic light-emitting diode screens, the micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) displays offer notable benefits in size, performance, power efficiency, and lifespan. We provide an overview of the technology types and application scenarios of full-color Micro-LED displays, describe the latest research in creating full-color displays using Micro-LED, including massive transfer technology, color conversion layer integration technology, and epitaxial chip monolithic integration technology. Furthermore, we compare the strengths and weaknesses of these technologies and look ahead the future evolution of Micro-LED-based full-color display technology..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0125001 (2024)
Physical Optics
Generations of Structured Light (Invited)
Yan Zhang, and Tong Nan
A structural beam refers to a light field that is"customized"in both space and time, characterized by its unique distribution of amplitude, phase, and polarization state in both space and time. Recently, research on structured light beams has developed rapidly. This has led to the evolution of a special distrA structural beam refers to a light field that is"customized"in both space and time, characterized by its unique distribution of amplitude, phase, and polarization state in both space and time. Recently, research on structured light beams has developed rapidly. This has led to the evolution of a special distribution of optical parameters from specific spatial transverse and longitudinal structures to customized spatiotemporal structures. This type of beam with different spatiotemporal structures has brought breakthroughs in many fields, including optical communication, optical sensing, optical micromanipulation, quantum information processing, and super-resolution imaging. Therefore, various methods have been proposed, and related devices have been manufactured to generate structured light beams by adjusting the distribution of various optical parameters of the beam in spatial and spatiotemporal domains. This study mainly introduces the preparation methods for different types of structured light beams, such as spatially structured and spatiotemporal structured beams. Therefore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the generated structured beams, along with a discussion and outlook on the future development direction of structured beams..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0126001 (2024)
Quantum Optics
Advances in Entanglement-Based Remote State Preparation (Invited)
Xiaolong Su, Dongmei Han, Na Wang, and Meihong Wang
Remote state preparation stands as a crucial protocol for transmitting quantum states, facilitating the remote preparation and manipulation of quantum states through distributed quantum entanglement. In recent times, notable progress has been achieved in remote state preparation, encompassing the remote preparation of Remote state preparation stands as a crucial protocol for transmitting quantum states, facilitating the remote preparation and manipulation of quantum states through distributed quantum entanglement. In recent times, notable progress has been achieved in remote state preparation, encompassing the remote preparation of single qubits, continuous-variable qubits, squeezed states, non-Gaussian states, and optical cat states. This paper provides a concise overview of the principles behind remote state preparation, highlighting the research advancements and developmental trends in both discrete and continuous variable systems..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0127001 (2024)
Reviews
60 Years of Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
Yan Zhang
Today, we celebrate the 60th anniversary of Laser & Optoelectronics Progress (LOP), the pioneering academic journal in the fields of lasers and optoelectronics. Since 1964, LOP has been promoting development of laser and optoelectronics in China by translating and publishing the high-quality papers. Throughout its Today, we celebrate the 60th anniversary of Laser & Optoelectronics Progress (LOP), the pioneering academic journal in the fields of lasers and optoelectronics. Since 1964, LOP has been promoting development of laser and optoelectronics in China by translating and publishing the high-quality papers. Throughout its 60 years, LOP has been led by some of the most prestigious figures in the field of lasers and optoelectronics. Deng Ximing, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was the founding Editor-in-Chief (1964—1997) and lay the foundation for the journal's scholarly pursuits. Subsequently, Fan Dianyuan, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, has become the successor since 2004. LOP has undergone transformations from its original name Guangshouji Fashe Qingbao to Jiguang Qingbao,then to Guowai Jiguang,and finally its current name Laser & Optoelectronics Progress. A notable milestone of LOP, transitioning into a semi-monthly journal, occurred in 2019. In order to report the sophisticated progress, LOP started to publish the special issue of "Advanced Imaging" in 2020. An impressive submission exceeding three thousand manuscripts was achieved. The transformation trajectory of LOP is exhibited from its inaugural publication to the enterprise and cluster publishing, ultimately adapting to the dynamics of new media and network dissemination. To learn more about LOP, the publication data, database inclusion, citation indicators and the honors from LOP's rich history are explored. We will continue in our mission to stand up for research, serve the research community and communicate the results of lasers and optoelectronics..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0100001 (2024)
Spectroscopy
Dispersion Rate of Single-Stage Virtually Imaged Phased Array Spectrometer for Two-Dimensional Imaging of the Cornea and Lens (Invited)
Xingdao He, Jin Xu, Mingxuan Liu, and Jiulin Shi
Owing to its simple structure and high light output, Brillouin scattering detection technology based on single-stage virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) spectroscopy has enabled the rapid detection of transparent biological tissue elasticity. The cornea and lens are typical transparent biological tissues. However, elasOwing to its simple structure and high light output, Brillouin scattering detection technology based on single-stage virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) spectroscopy has enabled the rapid detection of transparent biological tissue elasticity. The cornea and lens are typical transparent biological tissues. However, elastic scattering can easily overwhelm the weak Brillouin signal in a single-stage VIPA spectrometer, thereby limiting the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution enhancement. This problem has hindered further clinical applications of single-stage VIPA technology. Therefore, this paper investigated theoretical and experimental methods for improving the performance of single-stage VIPA spectroscopy. Theoretically, a paraxial approximate dispersion model of the VIPA was constructed to investigate the variations in the dispersion ratio with the collimated beam radius in front of the cylindrical lens, the focal lengths of the cylindrical and spherical lenses, and the tilt angle of the VIPA. The dispersion rate was primarily affected by the focal length of the spherical lens, the VIPA tilt angle, and the detector resolution. Experimentally, a signal-receiving device combining a zoom lens and high-resolution complementary metal-oxide semiconductor camera was designed and matched to the system. This device balances the dispersion rate and scattering signal intensity, optimizes the parameters of the spectrometer system, and improves the system performance. This paper originally reports the two-dimensional frequency-shift imaging of ex-vivo porcine cornea and lens using a single-stage VIPA spectrometer. The results of this study are expected to advance the field of clinical diagnosis and treatment using single-stage VIPA spectroscopy..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0130001 (2024)
Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy (Invited)
Changtao Xiao, Yin Song, and Weiqian Zhao
Since the past two decades, ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) has made remarkable progress, and it plays a pivotal tool in unraveling population and coherent dynamics in photosynthesis, photovoltaic, and low-dimensional materials. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the progress in 2Since the past two decades, ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) has made remarkable progress, and it plays a pivotal tool in unraveling population and coherent dynamics in photosynthesis, photovoltaic, and low-dimensional materials. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the progress in 2DES, with a focus on its ability to expand spectral windows and dimensions. Furthermore, it examines the current challenges and future directions of this field. From a technical perspective, a key bottleneck preventing the wide application of 2DES is the need to overcome experimental hurdles and develop sophisticated multispectral data analysis methods. In cutting-edge research, a crucial question centers on the development of novel 2DES techniques to effectively probe and disentangle various processes within coherent dynamics and polaritonic systems..
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Publication Date: Jan. 10, 2024
- Vol. 61, Issue 1, 0130002 (2024)
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