• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 6, Issue 4, A10 (2018)
Li Ge1、2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Engineering Science and Physics, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
  • 2The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA (li.ge@csi.cuny.edu)
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.6.000A10 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Li Ge. Non-Hermitian lattices with a flat band and polynomial power increase [Invited][J]. Photonics Research, 2018, 6(4): A10 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    In this work, we first discuss systematically three general approaches to construct a non-Hermitian flat band, defined by its dispersionless real part. These approaches resort to, respectively, spontaneous restoration of non-Hermitian particle-hole symmetry, a persisting flat band from the underlying Hermitian system, and a compact Wannier function that is an eigenstate of the entire system. For the last approach in particular, we show the simplest lattice structure where it can be applied, and we further identify a special case of such a flat band where every point in the Brillouin zone is an exceptional point of order 3. A localized excitation in this “EP3 flat band” can display either a conserved power, quadratic power increase, or even quartic power increase, depending on whether the localized eigenstate or one of the two generalized eigenvectors is initially excited. Nevertheless, the asymptotic wave function in the long time limit is always given by the eigenstate, in this case, the compact Wannier function or its superposition in two or more unit cells.
    Ψn(x;k)=jeikajWn(xja),(1)

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    H(k)=[ωAG0GωBJ(1+eika)0J(1+eika)ωC],(2)

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    H(k)=[iγaJ˜(kx)G˜(ky)0J˜*(kx)00G˜(ky)G˜*(ky)00J˜(kx)0G˜*(ky)J˜*(kx)0],(3)

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    H(k)=[iγGJ(1+eika)GiγJ*(1+eika)J(1+eika)J*(1+eika)0],(4)

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    H(k)=[iγAG(1+eika)G(1+eika)iγB+2Jcoska].(5)

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    ωFB=2J+iγB,ωD=2J(1+coska)+iγA.(6)

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    H(k)=[iGGJ(1+eika)GiGiJ(1+eika)J(1+eika)iJ(1+eika)0].(7)

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    [Hω01]Ψ1=Ψ0,(8)

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    eiHtΨ1=eiω0t(Ψ1itΨ0),(9)

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    [Hω01]Ψ2=Ψ1,(10)

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    eiHtΨ2=eiω0t(Ψ2itΨ1t22Ψ0).(11)

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    Li Ge. Non-Hermitian lattices with a flat band and polynomial power increase [Invited][J]. Photonics Research, 2018, 6(4): A10
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