Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution for nonstandalone networks

Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan; Feng-Yu Lu; Shuang Wang; Zhen-Qiang Yin; De-Yong He; Zheng Zhou; Jun Teng; Wei Chen; Guang-Can Guo; Zheng-Fu Han

doi:10.1364/PRJ.428309

Journals >Photonics Research >Volume 9 >Issue 10 >Page 1881 > Article

Photonics Research
Vol. 9, Issue 10, 1881 (2021)

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution for nonstandalone networks | Editors' Pick

Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan^1、2、3, Feng-Yu Lu^1、2、3, Shuang Wang^{1、2、3、*}, Zhen-Qiang Yin^1、2、3, De-Yong He^1、2、3, Zheng Zhou^1、2、3, Jun Teng^1、2、3, Wei Chen^1、2、3, Guang-Can Guo^1、2、3, and Zheng-Fu Han^1、2、3

Author Affiliations

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

²CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

³State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, Beijing 100878, China

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DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.428309 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan, Feng-Yu Lu, Shuang Wang, Zhen-Qiang Yin, De-Yong He, Zheng Zhou, Jun Teng, Wei Chen, Guang-Can Guo, Zheng-Fu Han. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution for nonstandalone networks[J]. Photonics Research, 2021, 9(10): 1881 Copy Citation Text

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Schematic diagram of the nonstandalone MDI protocol. PM, phase modulator; Laser, pulsed weak-coherent source; BS, beam splitter; SPD, single-photon detector.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the nonstandalone MDI protocol. PM, phase modulator; Laser, pulsed weak-coherent source; BS, beam splitter; SPD, single-photon detector.

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Experimental setup for the nonstandalone MDI-QKD system. Alice and Bob can implement phase-encoding MDI-QKD and generate secure key with Charlie via BB84. Laser, frequency-locked lasers; IM1, intensity modulator as pulse generator; IM2, intensity modulator as decoy state generator; BS, beam splitter; PM, phase modulator; PS, phase shifter; FM, Faraday mirror; EVOA, electronic variable optical attenuator; EPC, electronic polarization controller; Circ, circulator; SPD, single-photon detector. For Alice, Bob, and Charlie, the combination of one BS, one phase controller, and two FMs constitutes their own AFMI; the other PM is used for phase randomization.

Fig. 2. Experimental setup for the nonstandalone MDI-QKD system. Alice and Bob can implement phase-encoding MDI-QKD and generate secure key with Charlie via BB84. Laser, frequency-locked lasers; IM1, intensity modulator as pulse generator; IM2, intensity modulator as decoy state generator; BS, beam splitter; PM, phase modulator; PS, phase shifter; FM, Faraday mirror; EVOA, electronic variable optical attenuator; EPC, electronic polarization controller; Circ, circulator; SPD, single-photon detector. For Alice, Bob, and Charlie, the combination of one BS, one phase controller, and two FMs constitutes their own AFMI; the other PM is used for phase randomization.

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Fig. 3. Virtual network topology and link rates of our system.

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Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the nonstandalone MDI protocol with checkpoints.

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	$\| + ⟩$	$\| - ⟩$	$\| + i ⟩$	$\| - i ⟩$
$θ_{a}$	0	$π$	$\frac{π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$
$θ_{b}$	0	$π$	$\frac{π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$

Table 1. Code Table in MDI Protocol

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	$\| + ⟩$	$\| - ⟩$	$\| + i ⟩$	$\| - i ⟩$
$θ_{a} (θ_{b})$	$0$	$π$	$\frac{π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$
$θ_{c}$	$0$	$0$	$\frac{π}{2}$	$\frac{π}{2}$

Table 2. Code Table in BB84 Protocol

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$μ_{a} μ_{b}$	$Q^{X}$	$E^{X}$	$Q^{Y}$	$E^{Y}$
$μ μ$	$1.82 \times 10^{- 4}$	2.69%	$3.40 \times 10^{- 4}$	26.08%
$μ ν$	$4.67 \times 10^{- 5}$	4.75%	$1.19 \times 10^{- 4}$	36.26%
$μ ω$	$7.06 \times 10^{- 6}$	51.02%	$1.06 \times 10^{- 4}$	50.10%
$ν μ$	$4.90 \times 10^{- 5}$	5.02%	$1.32 \times 10^{- 4}$	35.86%
$ν ν$	$1.11 \times 10^{- 5}$	3.66%	$2.13 \times 10^{- 5}$	26.16%
$ν ω$	$2.39 \times 10^{- 7}$	47.26%	$5.63 \times 10^{- 6}$	50.46%
$ω μ$	$4.04 \times 10^{- 6}$	50.19%	$1.01 \times 10^{- 4}$	50.40%
$ω ν$	$9.25 \times 10^{- 7}$	51.88%	$4.80 \times 10^{- 6}$	50.09%

Table 3. Experimental Gains and Quantum Bit Error Rates of Our MDI-QKD System

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$μ_{a}$	$Q^{X}$	$E^{X}$	$Q^{Y}$	$E^{Y}$
$μ$	$3.10 \times 10^{- 2}$	0.39%	$3.09 \times 10^{- 2}$	0.28%
$ν$	$3.67 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.38%	$3.71 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.29%
$ω$	$1.96 \times 10^{- 4}$	2.66%	$1.93 \times 10^{- 4}$	1.82%
$μ_{b}$	$Q^{X}$	$E^{X}$	$Q^{Y}$	$E^{Y}$
$μ$	$3.13 \times 10^{- 2}$	0.38%	$3.14 \times 10^{- 2}$	0.34%
$ν$	$3.69 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.50%	$3.71 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.48%
$ω$	$1.95 \times 10^{- 4}$	1.89%	$1.98 \times 10^{- 4}$	2.09%