• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 11, Issue 8, 1449 (2023)
Yuehan Xu1, Tao Wang1、2、3、4、*, Huanxi Zhao1, Peng Huang1、2、3, and Guihua Zeng1、2、3、5、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Center of Quantum Sensing and Information Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
  • 3Hefei National Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei 230026, China
  • 4e-mail: tonystar@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 5e-mail: ghzeng@sjtu.edu.cn
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.492448 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yuehan Xu, Tao Wang, Huanxi Zhao, Peng Huang, Guihua Zeng. Round-trip multi-band quantum access network[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(8): 1449 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    The quantum network makes use of quantum states to transmit data, which will revolutionize classical communication and allow for some breakthrough applications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one prominent application of quantum networks, and can protect data transmission through quantum mechanics. In this work, we propose an expandable and cost-effective quantum access network, in which the round-trip structure makes quantum states travel in a circle to carry information, and the multi-band technique is proposed to support multi-user access. Based on the round-trip multi-band quantum access network, we realize multi-user secure key sharing through the continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) protocol. Due to the encoding characteristics of CV-QKD, the quadrature components in different frequency bands can be used to transmit key information for different users. The feasibility of this scheme is confirmed by comprehensive noise analysis, and is verified by a proof-of-principle experiment. The results show that each user can achieve excess noise suppression and 600 bit/s level secure key generation under 30 km standard fiber transmission. Such networks have the ability of multi-user access theoretically and could be expanded by plugging in simple modules. Therefore, it paves the way for near-term large-scale quantum secure networks.
    |αk=|αei(2k+1)π/4,i{0,1,,n},

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    f(t)=asin(ωt)+bcos(ωt),

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    ga(t)=f(t)sin(ωt)=b2sin(2ωt)a2cos(2ωt)+a2,gb(t)=f(t)cos(ωt)=a2sin(2ωt)+b2cos(2ωt)+b2,

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    ESN(t)=ASNcos(ωSNt+ϕSN),EL(t)=ALcos(ωLt+ϕL),

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    P=K(|ES1++ESN+EL|2|ES1++ESNEL|2)=4Ki=1N[ASiALcos(ωSit+ϕSi)cos(ωLt+ϕL)]=2Ki=1NPLPSi{cos(ωit+ϕSiϕL)+cos[(2ωO+ωi)t+ϕSi+ϕL]},

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    Ks=RKp,

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    ε=εRB+εFC+εOC+εMO+εAM+εPH.

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    N^RB=(1T)10β/10N^QNUR,

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    εRB=2N^RBτηT=2(110αL/10)10β/10N^QNURτη10αL/10=(110αL/10)10β/10VARτ10LQNU/1010αL/10.

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    εF=VA(ea+Δfb),

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    εFC=VAced/N,

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    I21=10lg(P21/P12),I32=10lg(P32/P23),D=10lg(P1in/P3out),

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    εOCQLT=10D/10VA10αL/1010LQNU/10,

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    εOCQNU=10D/10NVA,

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    εOC=10D/10VA10αL/1010LQNU/10+10D/10NVA=10D/10VA(N+10αL/1010LQNU/10).

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    εMO=VA[πΔUDACUDAC+12(πΔUDACUDAC)2]2,

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    εAM=εRINsig+εRINLO=VA(RINsigΔvA+0.25RINLOΔvB).

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    εPH=2πτVA(ΔvA+ΔvB).

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    εDET=2NEP2BτhfPLO,

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    εADC=2τhf(gρ)2PLO(112RU222n+VADC).

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    εCMRR=hfVA2RINsigΔvA8τPLO(10CMRR/10)2+τPLORINLOΔvB2hf(10CMRR/10)2.

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    Kp=βIABχBE,(A1)

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    IABhom=12log2VBVB|A=12log2V+χtot1+χtot,IABhet=2×12log2VBVB|A=log2V+χtot1+χtot,(A2)

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    χtot=χline+χdet/T,χline=1/T1+ε,(A3)

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    χBE=S(ρE)dmBp(mB)S(ρEmB),(A4)

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    χBE=S(ρAB1)S(ρAFGmB).(A5)

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    χBE=i=12G(λi12)i=35G(λi12),(A6)

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    γAB1=[V·I2TZ4·σzTZ4·σzT(V+χline)·I2],(A7)

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    Z4=2α2(l03/2l11/2+l13/2l21/2+l23/2l31/2+l33/2l01/2),(A8)

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    l0,2=12eα2(coshα2±cosα2),l1,3=12eα2(sinhα2±sinα2).(A9)

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    A=V2+T2(V+χline)22TZ42,B=(TV2+TVχlineTZ42)2.(A10)

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    γAFGmB=γAFGσAFGB3THσAFGB3,(A11)

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    γAFGB3=[γAFGσAFGB3TσAFGB3γB3],(A12)

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    γAB3FG=(YBS)T[γAB1γF0G]YBS,(A13)

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    γF0G=[v·I2v21·σzv21·σzv·I2],(A14)

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    YB2F0BS=[η·I21η·I21η·I2η·I2],YBS=IAYB2F0BSIG.(A15)

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    λ3,42=12(C±C24D),(A16)

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    Chom=VB+T(V+χline)+AχhomT(V+χtot),Dhom=BV+BχhomT(V+χtot),(A17)

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    Chet=1[T(V+χtot)]2{Aχhet2+B+1+2χhet[VB+T(V+χline)]+2T(V21)},Dhet=[V+BχhetT(V+χtot)]2.(A18)

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    λ5=1.(A19)

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    Yuehan Xu, Tao Wang, Huanxi Zhao, Peng Huang, Guihua Zeng. Round-trip multi-band quantum access network[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(8): 1449
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