• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 8, Issue 12, 1958 (2020)
Shihao Sun1, Mingbo He1, Mengyue Xu1, Shengqian Gao1, Ziyan Chen1, Xian Zhang2, Ziliang Ruan2, Xiong Wu3, Lidan Zhou1, Lin Liu1, Chao Lu3, Changjian Guo2, Liu Liu4, Siyuan Yu1, and Xinlun Cai1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
  • 2Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Higher-Education Mega-Center, Guangzhou, China
  • 3Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Photonics Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
  • 4State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.403167 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Shihao Sun, Mingbo He, Mengyue Xu, Shengqian Gao, Ziyan Chen, Xian Zhang, Ziliang Ruan, Xiong Wu, Lidan Zhou, Lin Liu, Chao Lu, Changjian Guo, Liu Liu, Siyuan Yu, Xinlun Cai. Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(12): 1958 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Optical modulators have been and will continue to be essential devices for energy- and cost-efficient optical communication networks. Heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate modulators have demonstrated promising performances of low optical loss, low drive voltage, and large modulation bandwidth. However, DC bias drift is a major drawback of optical modulators using lithium niobate as the active electro-optic material. Here, we demonstrate high-speed and bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on the heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform. The devices combine stable thermo-optic DC biases in silicon and ultra-fast electro-optic modulation in lithium niobate, and exhibit a low insertion loss of 1.8 dB, a low half-wave voltage of 3 V, an electro-optic modulation bandwidth of at least 70 GHz, and modulation data rates up to 128 Gb/s.
    Pout=TLPin2[1+cos(ϕ0+Δϕ)],(1)

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    Δϕ=πVACVπsin[ωt+θ(ω)],(2)

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    Pout=TLPin2{1+cosϕ0·cos{vsin[ωt+θ(ω)]}sinϕ0·sin{vsin[ωt+θ(ω)]}}.(3)

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    P2nd=TLPin2cosϕ0(v24v448).(4)

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    Shihao Sun, Mingbo He, Mengyue Xu, Shengqian Gao, Ziyan Chen, Xian Zhang, Ziliang Ruan, Xiong Wu, Lidan Zhou, Lin Liu, Chao Lu, Changjian Guo, Liu Liu, Siyuan Yu, Xinlun Cai. Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform[J]. Photonics Research, 2020, 8(12): 1958
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