Anisotropic Fermat’s principle for controlling hyperbolic van der Waals polaritons

Sicen Tao; Tao Hou; Yali Zeng; Guangwei Hu; Zixun Ge; Junke Liao; Shan Zhu; Tan Zhang; Cheng-Wei Qiu; Huanyang Chen

doi:10.1364/PRJ.463611

[1] Z. Liu, H. Lee, Y. Xiong, C. Sun, X. Zhang. Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects. Science, 315, 1686(2007).

[2] J. Yao, Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Bartal, A. M. Stacy, X. Zhang. Optical negative refraction in bulk metamaterials of nanowires. Science, 321, 930(2008).

[3] Z. Jacob, J.-Y. Kim, G. V. Naik, A. Boltasseva, E. E. Narimanov, V. M. Shalaev. Engineering photonic density of states using metamaterials. Appl. Phys. B, 100, 215-218(2010).

[4] A. Poddubny, I. Iorsh, P. Belov, Y. Kivshar. Hyperbolic metamaterials. Nat. Photonics, 7, 948-957(2013).

[5] D. Lee, S. So, G. Hu, M. Kim, T. Badloe, H. Cho, J. Kim, H. Kim, C.-W. Qiu, J. Rho. Hyperbolic metamaterials: fusing artificial structures to natural 2D materials. eLight, 2, 1(2022).

[6] P. Li, I. Dolado, F. J. Alfaro-Mozaz, F. Casanova, L. E. Hueso, S. Liu, J. H. Edgar, A. Y. Nikitin, S. Vélez, R. Hillenbrand. Infrared hyperbolic metasurface based on nanostructured van der Waals materials. Science, 359, 892-896(2018).

[7] P. Li, G. Hu, I. Dolado, M. Tymchenko, C.-W. Qiu, F. J. Alfaro-Mozaz, F. Casanova, L. E. Hueso, S. Liu, J. H. Edgar, S. Vélez, A. Alu, R. Hillenbrand. Collective near-field coupling and nonlocal phenomena in infrared-phononic metasurfaces for nano-light canalization. Nat. Commun., 11, 3663(2020).

[8] S. Dai, Z. Fei, Q. Ma, A. S. Rodin, M. Wagner, A. S. Mcleod, M. K. Liu, W. Gannett, W. Regan, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, M. Thiemens, G. Dominguez, A. H. C. Neto, A. Zettl, F. Keilmann, P. Jarillo-Herrero, M. M. Fogler, D. N. Basov. Tunable phonon polaritons in atomically thin van der Waals crystals of boron nitride. Science, 343, 1125-1129(2014).

[9] Z. Zheng, N. Xu, S. L. Oscurato, M. Tamagnone, F. Sun, Y. Jiang, Y. Ke, J. Chen, W. Huang, W. L. Wilson, A. Ambrosio, S. Deng, H. Chen. A mid-infrared biaxial hyperbolic van der Waals crystal. Sci. Adv., 5, eaav8690(2019).

[10] W. Ma, P. Alonso-González, S. Li, A. Y. Nikitin, J. Yuan, J. Martín-Sánchez, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez, I. Amenabar, P. Li, S. Vélez, C. Tollan, Z. Dai, Y. Zhang, S. Sriram, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, S.-T. Lee, R. Hillenbrand, Q. Bao. In-plane anisotropic and ultra-low-loss polaritons in a natural van der Waals crystal. Nature, 562, 557-562(2018).

[11] F. Sun, W. Huang, Z. Zheng, N. Xu, Y. Ke, R. Zhan, H. Chen, S. Deng. Polariton waveguide modes in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals: an analytical model and correlative nano-imaging. Nanoscale, 13, 4845-4854(2021).

[12] W. Ma, G. Hu, D. Hu, R. Chen, T. Sun, X. Zhang, Q. Dai, Y. Zeng, A. Alù, C.-W. Qiu, P. Li. Ghost hyperbolic surface polaritons in bulk anisotropic crystals. Nature, 596, 362-366(2021).

[13] Z. Jacob, L. V. Alekseyev, E. Narimanov. Optical hyperlens: far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit. Opt. Express, 14, 8247-8256(2006).

[14] A. Salandrino, N. Engheta. Far-field subdiffraction optical microscopy using metamaterial crystals: theory and simulations. Phys. Rev. B, 74, 075103(2006).

[15] A. S. Potemkin, A. N. Poddubny, P. A. Belov, Y. S. Kivshar. Green function for hyperbolic media. Phys. Rev. A, 86, 023848(2012).

[16] A. N. Poddubny, P. A. Belov, P. Ginzburg, A. V. Zayats, Y. S. Kivshar. Microscopic model of Purcell enhancement in hyperbolic metamaterials. Phys. Rev. B, 86, 035148(2012).

[17] G. Hu, Q. Ou, G. Si, Y. Wu, J. Wu, Z. Dai, A. Krasnok, Y. Mazor, Q. Zhang, Q. Bao, C.-W. Qiu, A. Alù. Topological polaritons and photonic magic angles in twisted α-MoO₃ bilayers. Nature, 582, 209-213(2020).

[18] J. Duan, N. Capote-Robayna, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez, G. Álvarez-Pérez, I. Prieto, J. Martín-Sánchez, A. Y. Nikitin, P. Alonso-González. Twisted nano-optics: manipulating light at the nanoscale with twisted phonon polaritonic slabs. Nano Lett., 20, 5323-5329(2020).

[19] Z. Dai, G. Hu, G. Si, Q. Ou, Q. Zhang, S. Balendhran, F. Rahman, B. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Ou, G. Li, A. Alù, C.-W. Qiu, Q. Bao. Edge-oriented and steerable hyperbolic polaritons in anisotropic van der Waals nanocavities. Nat. Commun., 11, 6086(2020).

[20] K. Chaudhary, M. Tamagnone, X. Yin, C. M. Spägele, S. L. Oscurato, J. Li, C. Persch, R. Li, N. A. Rubin, L. A. Jauregui, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, P. Kim, M. Wuttig, J. H. Edgar, A. Ambrosio, F. Capasso. Polariton nanophotonics using phase-change materials. Nat. Commun., 10, 4487(2019).

[21] Z. Zheng, J. Jiang, N. Xu, X. Wang, W. Huang, Y. Ke, S. Zhang, H. Chen, S. Deng. Controlling and focusing in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons in α-MoO₃ with a curved plasmonic antenna. Adv. Mater., 34, 2104164(2022).

[22] J. Duan, G. Álvarez-Pérez, A. I. F. Tresguerres-Mata, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez, K. V. Voronin, A. Bylinkin, B. Chang, S. Xiao, S. Liu, J. H. Edgar, J. I. Martín, V. S. Volkov, R. Hillenbrand, J. Martín-Sánchez, A. Y. Nikitin, P. Alonso-González. Planar refraction and lensing of highly confined polaritons in anisotropic media. Nat. Commun., 12, 4325(2021).

[23] Y. Zeng, Q. Ou, L. Liu, C. Zheng, Z. Wang, Y. Gong, X. Liang, Y. Zhang, G. Hu, Z. Yang, C. W. Qiu, Q. Bao, H. Chen, Z. Dai. Tailoring topological transitions of anisotropic polaritons by interface engineering in biaxial crystals. Nano Lett., 22, 4260-4268(2022).

[24] U. Leonhardt. Optical conformal mapping. Science, 312, 1777-1780(2006).

[25] J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig, D. R. Smith. Controlling electromagnetic fields. Science, 312, 1780-1782(2006).

[26] J. B. Pendry, Y. Luo, R. K. Zhao. Transforming the optical landscape. Science, 348, 521-524(2015).

[27] D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, D. R. Smith. Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies. Science, 314, 977-980(2006).

[28] H. Chen, B. Hou, S. Chen, X. Ao, W. Wen, C. T. Chan. Design and experimental realization of a broadband transformation media field rotator at microwave frequencies. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 183903(2009).

[29] C. Sheng, H. Liu, H. Chen, S. Zhu. Definite photon deflections of topological defects in metasurfaces and symmetry-breaking phase transitions with material loss. Nat. Commun., 9, 4271(2018).

[30] I. I. Smolyaninov, E. Hwang, E. Narimanov. Hyperbolic metamaterial interfaces: Hawking radiation from Rindler horizons and spacetime signature transitions. Phys. Rev. B, 85, 235122(2012).

[31] I. I. Smolyaninov, E. E. Narimanov. Metric signature transitions in optical metamaterials. Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 067402(2010).

[32] S. Fumeron, B. Berche, F. Santos, E. Pereira, F. Moraes. Optics near a hyperbolic defect. Phys. Rev. A, 92, 063806(2015).

[33] S. Dehdashti, A. Shahsafi, B. Zheng, L. Shen, Z. Wang, R. Zhu, H. Chen, H. Chen. Conformal hyperbolic optics. Phys. Rev. Res., 3, 033281(2021).

[34] J. L. Synge. The absolute optical instrument. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 44, 32-46(1938).

[35] M. Born, E. Wolf. Principles of Optics(2006).

[36] R. K. Luneburg. Mathematical Theory of Optics(1964).

[37] U. Leonhardt, T. Philbin. Geometry and Light: The Science of Invisibility(2010).

[38] A. Patsyk, U. Sivan, M. Segev, M. A. Bandres. Observation of branched flow of light. Nature, 583, 60-65(2020).

[39] H. Gao, B. Zhang, S. G. Johnson, G. Barbastathis. Design of thin-film photonic metamaterial Lüneburg lens using analytical approach. Opt. Express, 20, 1617-1628(2012).

[40] C. Joas, C. Lehner. The classical roots of wave mechanics: Schrödinger’s transformations of the optical-mechanical analogy. Stud. Hist. Philos. Mod. Phys., 40, 338-351(2009).

[41] G. Hu, A. Krasnok, Y. Mazor, C.-W. Qiu, A. Alù. Moiré hyperbolic metasurfaces. Nano Lett., 20, 3217-3224(2020).

[42] Z. Chen, M. Segev. Highlighting photonics: looking into the next decade. eLight, 1, 2(2021).

[43] Z. Chen, W. Zhou, B. Zhang, C. H. Yu, J. Zhu, W. Lu, S. C. Shen. Realization of anisotropic diamagnetic Kepler problem in a solid state environment. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 244103(2009).

[44] W. Zhou, Z. Chen, B. Zhang, C. H. Yu, W. Lu, S. C. Shen. Magnetic field control of the quantum chaotic dynamics of hydrogen analogs in an anisotropic crystal field. Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 024101(2010).