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Journals >
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress >
Volume 59 >
Issue 23 >
Page 2300002 > Article
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
Vol. 59, Issue 23, 2300002 (2022)
Research Progress of φ-OTDR Noise Reduction Processing
Ke Li, Yandong Gong
*
, and Zhuo Zhang
Author Affiliations
School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
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DOI:
10.3788/LOP202259.2300002
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Ke Li, Yandong Gong, Zhuo Zhang. Research Progress of φ-OTDR Noise Reduction Processing[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(23): 2300002
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Fig. 1.
Sensing system of the
φ
-OTDR
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Fig. 2.
Generation mechanism of the coherent noise
[
11
]
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Fig. 3.
Generation mechanism of the polarization noise
[
12
-
14
]
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Fig. 4.
Experimental system based on coherent detection
[
15
]
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Fig. 5.
Schematic diagram of the TGD-OFDMR system
[
18
]
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Fig. 6.
Experimental setup for bipolar coding
[
20
]
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Fig. 7.
φ
-OTDR sensing system based on few-mode fiber space division multiplexing
[
30
]
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Fig. 8.
φ
-OTDR system based on orthogonal polarization switching
[
32
]
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Classification
Cause of noise
Whether it is the main component of system noise
Coherent noise
RBS caused by phase length or cancellation of pulse light detected at different positions of optical fiber
yes
Polarization noise
when the polarization state of the pulse light is orthogonal, the interference light intensity disappears completely
yes
Common mode noise
caused by frequency drift of laser source or environmental change along the optical fiber
no
Light source noise
caused by unsatisfactory bandwidth of light source or insufficient extinction ratio
no
Table 1.
Classification and definition of various main noises
Ref.
Suppress result
Advantage
Disadvantage
Room of improvement
[
15
]
compared with the amplitude extraction method, SNR is increased by 11 dB
it is easy to obtain the spatial information of vibration points by using the virtual peak discrimination method
only the false alarm is eliminated, and high fidelity signal reconstruction is not fundamentally realized
strengthen the screening of discriminant points to achieve correct virtual peak reconstruction
[
19
]
SNR is up to 26 dB, and the spatial resolution is close to 5 m
system has low complexity and low cost
the accuracy of time control gate circuit is not ideal
can be combined with high-speed camera
[
20
]
SNR increased by 7.1 dB, measurement time halved
frequency drift compensation by spectrum extraction
spatial resolution of the system is not ideal
introduction of less mode fiber for light wave transmission
[
30
]
phase error caused by interference fading is completely eliminated
system structure is simple by combining space division multiplexing and few mode fiber
transmission distance is low, and the uneven scattering points of the optical fiber are not considered
consider combining multimode fiber with frequency division multiplexing technology
Table 2.
Typical coherent fading suppression techniques
Ref.
Suppress result
Advantage
Disadvantage
Room of improvement
[
32
]
SNR increased by 15 dB
polarization dependence of signal intensity using Rayleigh interference
structure of the experimental system is complex,and the demodulation signal processing formula is complex
introducing polarization multiplexing technology based on orthogonal polarization switching
[
34
]
polarization fading can be effectively eliminated in sensitive areas
combining PMF with SOP for noise reduction
interference caused by SOP small circle rotation is not completely eliminated
reduce the angle and number of SOP rotations
[
35
]
insensitive to polarization effect
sensor with dual polarization multiplexing
polarization diversity sensing structure is not considered
introducing time division multiplexing technology into the structure with polarization diversity
Table 3.
Typical polarization fading suppression techniques
Ref.
Suppress result
Advantage
Disadvantage
Room of improvement
[
38
]
avoid the effect of too many pulses on common mode noise
applying the DCM to common mode rejection
poor spatial resolution and can not be applied to long-distance sensing
can combine radiosonde technology with frequency division multiplexing
[
39
]
strong signal acquisition capability and low noise
signal transmission using Mini-DAS module
influence of seabed pressure on the pressure along the optical fiber is not considered
for seabed inspection, the entire optical fiber shall be coated with compressive materials
Table 4.
Typical common mode noise suppression techniques
Type
Whether it is the main component of noise?
Advantage
Disadvantage
Future direction
Coherent noise
yes
space division multiplexing technology based on few mode fiber
coherence of various high-order modes or same order modes of space division multiplexing is too high
combination of multi-core fiber and time division multiplexing technology
Polarization noise
yes
technology of transforming single mode fiber into polarization maintaining fiber
disturbance caused by different polarization states cannot be eliminated
transformation of polarization maintaining fiber using polarization multiplexing technology
Common mode noise
no
Mini-DAS module technology
limited light wave signal transmission
introducing frequency division multiplexing technology
Light source noise
no
time delay interferometry
amplified light source signal frequency is difficult to meet the requirements
combining high-speed camera with ultra-low frequency drift light source
Table 5.
Comparison of various types of noise
Abstract
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Figures&Tables (13)
Equations (3)
References (41)
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Ke Li, Yandong Gong, Zhuo Zhang. Research Progress of φ-OTDR Noise Reduction Processing[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(23): 2300002
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Paper Information
Category: Reviews
Received: Oct. 9, 2021
Accepted: Nov. 10, 2021
Published Online: Dec. 10, 2022
The Author Email: Gong Yandong (eydgong@bistu.edu.cn)
DOI:
10.3788/LOP202259.2300002
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