• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 59, Issue 23, 2300002 (2022)
Ke Li, Yandong Gong*, and Zhuo Zhang
Author Affiliations
  • School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202259.2300002 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Ke Li, Yandong Gong, Zhuo Zhang. Research Progress of φ-OTDR Noise Reduction Processing[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(23): 2300002 Copy Citation Text show less
    Sensing system of the φ-OTDR
    Fig. 1. Sensing system of the φ-OTDR
    Generation mechanism of the coherent noise[11]
    Fig. 2. Generation mechanism of the coherent noise[11]
    Generation mechanism of the polarization noise[12-14]
    Fig. 3. Generation mechanism of the polarization noise[12-14]
    Experimental system based on coherent detection[15]
    Fig. 4. Experimental system based on coherent detection[15]
    Schematic diagram of the TGD-OFDMR system[18]
    Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the TGD-OFDMR system[18]
    Experimental setup for bipolar coding [20]
    Fig. 6. Experimental setup for bipolar coding [20]
    φ-OTDR sensing system based on few-mode fiber space division multiplexing[30]
    Fig. 7. φ-OTDR sensing system based on few-mode fiber space division multiplexing[30]
    φ-OTDR system based on orthogonal polarization switching[32]
    Fig. 8. φ-OTDR system based on orthogonal polarization switching[32]
    ClassificationCause of noiseWhether it is the main component of system noise
    Coherent noiseRBS caused by phase length or cancellation of pulse light detected at different positions of optical fiberyes
    Polarization noisewhen the polarization state of the pulse light is orthogonal, the interference light intensity disappears completelyyes
    Common mode noisecaused by frequency drift of laser source or environmental change along the optical fiberno
    Light source noisecaused by unsatisfactory bandwidth of light source or insufficient extinction rationo
    Table 1. Classification and definition of various main noises
    Ref.Suppress resultAdvantageDisadvantageRoom of improvement
    15compared with the amplitude extraction method, SNR is increased by 11 dBit is easy to obtain the spatial information of vibration points by using the virtual peak discrimination methodonly the false alarm is eliminated, and high fidelity signal reconstruction is not fundamentally realizedstrengthen the screening of discriminant points to achieve correct virtual peak reconstruction
    19SNR is up to 26 dB, and the spatial resolution is close to 5 msystem has low complexity and low costthe accuracy of time control gate circuit is not idealcan be combined with high-speed camera
    20SNR increased by 7.1 dB, measurement time halvedfrequency drift compensation by spectrum extractionspatial resolution of the system is not idealintroduction of less mode fiber for light wave transmission
    30phase error caused by interference fading is completely eliminatedsystem structure is simple by combining space division multiplexing and few mode fibertransmission distance is low, and the uneven scattering points of the optical fiber are not consideredconsider combining multimode fiber with frequency division multiplexing technology
    Table 2. Typical coherent fading suppression techniques
    Ref.Suppress resultAdvantageDisadvantageRoom of improvement
    32SNR increased by 15 dBpolarization dependence of signal intensity using Rayleigh interferencestructure of the experimental system is complex,and the demodulation signal processing formula is complexintroducing polarization multiplexing technology based on orthogonal polarization switching
    34polarization fading can be effectively eliminated in sensitive areascombining PMF with SOP for noise reductioninterference caused by SOP small circle rotation is not completely eliminatedreduce the angle and number of SOP rotations
    35insensitive to polarization effectsensor with dual polarization multiplexingpolarization diversity sensing structure is not consideredintroducing time division multiplexing technology into the structure with polarization diversity
    Table 3. Typical polarization fading suppression techniques
    Ref.Suppress resultAdvantageDisadvantageRoom of improvement
    38avoid the effect of too many pulses on common mode noiseapplying the DCM to common mode rejectionpoor spatial resolution and can not be applied to long-distance sensingcan combine radiosonde technology with frequency division multiplexing
    39strong signal acquisition capability and low noisesignal transmission using Mini-DAS moduleinfluence of seabed pressure on the pressure along the optical fiber is not consideredfor seabed inspection, the entire optical fiber shall be coated with compressive materials
    Table 4. Typical common mode noise suppression techniques
    TypeWhether it is the main component of noise?AdvantageDisadvantageFuture direction
    Coherent noiseyesspace division multiplexing technology based on few mode fibercoherence of various high-order modes or same order modes of space division multiplexing is too highcombination of multi-core fiber and time division multiplexing technology
    Polarization noiseyestechnology of transforming single mode fiber into polarization maintaining fiberdisturbance caused by different polarization states cannot be eliminatedtransformation of polarization maintaining fiber using polarization multiplexing technology
    Common mode noisenoMini-DAS module technologylimited light wave signal transmissionintroducing frequency division multiplexing technology
    Light source noisenotime delay interferometryamplified light source signal frequency is difficult to meet the requirementscombining high-speed camera with ultra-low frequency drift light source
    Table 5. Comparison of various types of noise
    Ke Li, Yandong Gong, Zhuo Zhang. Research Progress of φ-OTDR Noise Reduction Processing[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(23): 2300002
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