Fig. 1. Schematic of PLD system^[59]

Fig. 2. Schematic of the template-assisted PLD for growing nano-ring arrays^[84]

Fig. 3. Schematic of catalytic-assisted PLD synthesis of nanowires^[85]

Fig. 4. Schematic of the growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods using NAPLD process^[111]

Fig. 5. Schematics of the growth mechanism of one-dimensional well-ordered nanostructures by limiting surface diffusion^[117]

Fig. 6. Schematics of the perovskite-spinel composite nanostructured film by crystallization autonomous separation on {001} and {111} surfaces^[126]

Fig. 7. Top view and cross-sectional view SEM images of ZnO nanorods grown under three different laser influences^[147]. (a-b) 4.0 J/cm²; (c-d) 1.8 J/cm²; (e-f) 1.2 J/cm²

Fig. 8. Single-crystallineTiO₂ nanobrushes with high energy {001} facets ^[119]. (a) Cross-sectional SEM images showing the nanobrush microstructure; (b) photovoltaic I/V curves of TiO₂ nanobrushes, nanoparticles, and thin film

Fig. 9. Hexagonal nonclose-packed TiO₂ nanorod arrays^[157]. (a) SEM image of the surface morphology; (b) SEM image of the cross-sectional morphology; (c) field emission I-V curve; (d) the relationship between field-enhancement factor and array period

Fig. 10. WO₃ nanorods prepared by PLD with varied W substrate temperature^[168]

Fig. 11. Microstructures of CoFe₂O₄ fabricated by surface diffusion method^[120]. (a) STEM image showing the cross-sectional structure of nanobrushes; (b) atomic-resolution STEM image of the sidewall of a nanobrush; (c) STEM cross-section image showing the nanobrush/substrate interface; (d) atomic-resolution STEM image showing the nanobrush/substrate interface; (e) Fourier transform of nanobrush/substrate interface

Fig. 12. SEM images of vertically aligned taper PZT nanowires arrays^[179]. (a)--(g) SEM interface images of PZT nanowires prepared at varied growth temperatures; (h) the lengths of PZT nanowires and the thicknesses of PZT film in transition region as the function of growth temperature; (i) growth window of the PZT nanowires at different temperatures and pressures

Fig. 13. YBCO nanorods grown by PLD at different temperatures^[187]. (a) 630 ℃; (b) 680 ℃

Fig. 14. One-dimensional CeO₂/Y₂O₃ nanobrush superlattice^[121]. (a) A STEM image showing its cross-sectional structure; (b) three-dimensional structure of one-dimensional CeO₂/Y₂O₃ nano-superlattice reconstructed by atom probe tomography