Tunable non-Hermiticity through reservoir engineering

Xin Meng; Zhiwei Hu; Xingda Lu; Wanxia Cao; Xichang Zhang; Haowei Li; Ying Hu; Wei Yi; Yanhong Xiao

doi:10.1364/PRJ.450166

[1] N. Moiseyev. Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics(2011).

[2] Y. Ashida, Z. Gong, M. Ueda. Non-Hermitian physics. Adv. Phys., 69, 249-435(2020).

[3] C. Bender, S. Boettcher. Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 5243-5246(1998).

[4] R. El-Ganainy, K. Makris, M. Khajavikhan, Z. Musslimani, S. Rotter, D. Christodoulides. Non-Hermitian physics and PT symmetry. Nat. Phys., 14, 11-19(2018).

[5] Ş. Özdemir, S. Rotter, F. Nori, L. Yang. Parity-time symmetry and exceptional points in photonics. Nat. Mater., 18, 783-798(2019).

[6] M. Miri, A. Alú. Exceptional points in optics and photonics. Science, 363, eaar7709(2019).

[7] H. Jing, Ş. Özdemir, Z. Geng, J. Zhang, X. Lü, B. Peng, L. Yang, F. Nori. Optomechanically-induced transparency in parity-time-symmetric microresonators. Sci. Rep., 5, 9663(2015).

[8] F. Minganti, A. Miranowicz, R. Chhajlany, I. Arkhipov, F. Nori. Hybrid-Liouvillian formalism connecting exceptional points of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and Liouvillians via postselection of quantum trajectories. Phys. Rev. A, 101, 062112(2020).

[9] I. Arkhipov, A. Miranowicz, F. Minganti, F. Nori. Liouvillian exceptional points of any order in dissipative linear bosonic systems: coherence functions and switching between PT and anti-PT symmetries. Phys. Rev. A, 102, 033715(2020).

[10] B. Peng, Ş. K. Özdemir, S. Rotter, H. Yilmaz, M. Liertzer, F. Monifi, C. Bender, F. Nori, L. Yang. Loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing. Science, 346, 328-332(2014).

[11] Z. Liu, J. Zhang, Ş. K. Özdemir, B. Peng, H. Jing, X. Lü, C. Li, L. Yang, F. Nori, Y. Liu. Metrology with PT-symmetric cavities: enhanced sensitivity near the PT-phase transition. Phys. Rev. Lett., 117, 110802(2016).

[12] K. Kawabata, Y. Ashida, M. Ueda. Information retrieval and criticality in parity-time-symmetric systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 119, 190401(2017).

[13] B. Dóra, M. Heyl, R. Moessner. The Kibble-Zurek mechanism at exceptional points. Nat. Commun., 10, 2254(2019).

[14] B. Zhou, R. Wang, B. Wang. Renormalization group approach to non-Hermitian topological quantum criticality. Phys. Rev. B, 102, 205116(2020).

[15] X. Bao, G. Guo, X. Du, H. Gu, L. Tan. The topological criticality in disordered non-Hermitian system. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 33, 185401(2021).

[16] S. Yao, Z. Wang. Edge states and topological invariants of non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 086803(2018).

[17] F. Kunst, E. Edvardsson, J. Budich, E. Bergholtz. Biorthogonal bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 026808(2018).

[18] V. Alvarez, J. Barrios, L. Torres. Non-Hermitian robust edge states in one dimension: anomalous localization and eigenspace condensation at exceptional points. Phys. Rev. B, 97, 121401(2018).

[19] A. McDonald, T. Pereg-Barnea, A. Clerk. Phase-dependent chiral transport and effective non-Hermitian dynamics in a bosonic Kitaev-Majorana chain. Phys. Rev. X, 8, 041031(2018).

[20] C. Lee, R. Thomale. Anatomy of skin modes and topology in non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. B, 99, 201103(2019).

[21] T. Lee. Anomalous edge state in a non-Hermitian lattice. Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 133903(2016).

[22] S. Yao, F. Song, Z. Wang. Non-Hermitian Chern bands. Phys. Rev. Lett., 121, 136802(2018).

[23] K. Yokomizo, S. Murakami. Non-Bloch band theory of non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123, 066404(2019).

[24] L. Li, C. Lee, S. Mu, J. Gong. Critical non-Hermitian skin effect. Nat. Commun., 11, 5491(2020).

[25] Z. Gong, Y. Ashida, K. Kawabata, K. Takasan, S. Higashikawa, M. Ueda. Topological phases of non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. X, 8, 031079(2018).

[26] D. Leykam, K. Bliokh, C. Huang, Y. Chong, F. Nori. Edge modes, degeneracies, and topological numbers in non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 118, 040401(2017).

[27] T. Liu, Y. Zhang, Q. Ai, Z. Gong, K. Kawabata, M. Ueda, F. Nori. Second-order topological phases in non-Hermitian systems. Phys. Rev. Lett., 122, 076801(2019).

[28] T. Liu, J. He, T. Yoshida, Z. Xiang, F. Nori. Non-Hermitian topological Mott insulators in one-dimensional fermionic superlattices. Phys. Rev. B, 102, 235151(2020).

[29] W. Nie, M. Antezza, Y. Liu, F. Nori. Dissipative topological phase transition with strong system-environment coupling. Phys. Rev. Lett., 127, 250402(2021).

[30] L. Xiao, X. Zhan, H. Bian, K. Wang, X. Zhang, P. Wang, J. Li, K. Mochizuki, D. Kim, N. Kawakami, W. Yi, H. Obuse, C. Sanders, P. Xue. Observation of topological edge states in parity-time-symmetric quantum walks. Nat. Phys., 13, 1117-1123(2017).

[31] L. Xiao, K. Wang, X. Zhan, Z. Bian, K. Kawabata, M. Ueda, W. Yi, P. Xue. Observation of critical phenomena in parity-time-symmetric quantum dynamics. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123, 230401(2019).

[32] L. Xiao, T. Deng, K. Wang, G. Zhu, Z. Wang, W. Yi, P. Xue. Non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence in quantum dynamics. Nat. Phys., 16, 761-766(2020).

[33] K. Zhao, M. Schaden, Z. Wu. Enhanced magnetic resonance signal of spin-polarized Rb atoms near surfaces of coated cells. Phys. Rev. A, 81, 042903(2010).

[34] Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Sheng, L. Yang, M. Mili, D. Christodoulides, B. He, Y. Zhang, M. Xiao. Observation of parity-time symmetry in optically induced atomic lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett., 117, 123601(2016).

[35] J. Li, A. Harter, J. Liu, L. de Melo, Y. N. Joglekar, L. Luo. Observation of parity-time symmetry breaking transitions in a dissipative Floquet system of ultracold atoms. Nat. Commun., 10, 855(2019).

[36] S. Lapp, J. Angonga, F. A. An, B. Gadway. Engineering tunable local loss in a synthetic lattice of momentum states. New J. Phys., 21, 045006(2019).

[37] W. Gou, T. Chen, D. Xie, T. Xiao, T. Deng, B. Gadway, W. Yi, B. Yan. Tunable nonreciprocal quantum transport through a dissipative Aharonov-Bohm ring in ultracold atoms. Phys. Rev. Lett., 124, 070402(2020).

[38] T. Chen, W. Gou, D. Xie, T. Xiao, W. Yi, J. Jing, B. Yan. Quantum Zeno effects across a parity-time symmetry breaking transition in atomic momentum space. npj Quantum Inf., 7, 78(2021).

[39] Z. Ren, D. Liu, E. Zhao, C. He, K. K. Pak, J. Li, G. Jo. Topological control of quantum states in non-Hermitian spin-orbit-coupled fermions. Nat. Phys., 18, 385-389(2022).

[40] P. Peng, W. Cao, C. Shen, W. Qu, J. Wen, L. Jiang, Y. Xiao. Anti-parity-time symmetry with flying atoms. Nat. Phys., 12, 1139-1145(2016).

[41] T. Gao, E. Estrecho, K. Bliokh, T. Liew, M. Fraser, S. Brodbeck, M. Kamp, C. Schneider, S. Höfling, Y. Yamamoto. Observation of non-Hermitian degeneracies in a chaotic exciton-polariton billiard. Nature, 526, 554-558(2015).

[42] Y. Wu, W. Liu, J. Geng, X. Song, X. Ye, C. Duan, X. Rong, J. Du. Observation of parity-time symmetry breaking in a single-spin system. Science, 364, 878-880(2019).

[43] W. Liu, Y. Wu, C. Duan, X. Rong, J. Du. Dynamically encircling an exceptional point in a real quantum system. Phys. Rev. Lett., 126, 170506(2021).

[44] W. Wang, Y. Zhou, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, M. Zhang, Y. Xie, C. Wu, T. Chen, B. Ou, W. Wu, H. Jing, P. Chen. Observation of PT-symmetric quantum coherence in a single-ion system. Phys. Rev. A, 103, L020201(2021).

[45] L. Ding, K. Shi, Q. Zhang, D. Shen, X. Zhang, W. Zhang. Experimental determination of PT-symmetric exceptional points in a single trapped ion. Phys. Rev. Lett., 126, 083604(2021).

[46] M. Naghiloo, M. Abbasi, Y. N. Jogelkar, K. W. Murch. Quantum state tomography across the exceptional point in a single dissipative qubit. Nat. Phys., 15, 1232-1236(2019).

[47] M. Lukin. Colloquium: trapping and manipulating photon states in atomic ensembles. Rev. Mod. Phys., 75, 457-472(2003).

[48] W. Cao, X. Lu, X. Meng, J. Sun, H. Shen, Y. Xiao. Reservoir-mediated quantum correlations in non-Hermitian optical system. Phys. Rev. Lett., 124, 030401(2020).

[49] X. Lu, W. Cao, W. Yi, H. Shen, Y. Xiao. Nonreciprocity and quantum correlations of light transport in hot atoms via reservoir engineering. Phys. Rev. Lett., 126, 223603(2021).

[50] Y. Xiao, M. Klein, M. Hohensee, L. Jiang, D. Philips, M. Lukin, R. Walsworth. Slow light beam splitter. Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 043601(2008).

[51] R. Campos, B. Saleh, M. Teich. Quantum-mechanical lossless beam splitter: SU(2) symmetry and photon statistics. Phys. Rev. A, 40, 1371-1384(1989).

[52] S. M. Barnett, J. Jekers, A. Gatti. Quantum optics of lossy beam splitters. Phys. Rev. A, 57, 2134-2145(1998).

[53] M. Balabas, T. Karaulanov, M. Ledbetter, D. Budker. Polarized alkali-metal vapor with minute-long transverse spin-relaxation time. Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 070801(2010).

[54] O. Firstenberg, M. Shuker, A. Ron, N. Davidson. Coherent diffusion of polaritons in atomic media. Rev. Mod. Phys., 85, 941-960(2013).

[55] J. Borregaard, M. Zugenmaier, J. Petersen, H. Shen, G. Vasilakis, K. Jensen, E. Polzik, A. Sørensen. Scalable photonic network architecture based on motional averaging in room temperature gas. Nat. Commun., 7, 11356(2016).

[56] T. Abi-Salloum. Electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting: two similar but distinct phenomena in two categories of three-level atomic systems. Phys. Rev. A, 81, 053836(2010).

[57] H. Sun, Y. Liu, H. Ian, J. You, E. Il’ichev, F. Nori. Electromagnetically inducd transparency and Autler-Townes splitting in superconducting flux quantum circuits. Phys. Rev. A, 89, 063822(2014).

[58] B. Peng, Ş. K. Özdemir, W. Chen, F. Nori, L. Yang. What is and what is not electromagnetically induced transparency in whispering-gallery microcavities. Nat. Commun., 5, 5082(2014).

[59] Q. Liu, T. Li, X. Luo, H. Zhao, W. Xiong, Y. Zhang, Z. Chen, J. Liu, W. Chen, F. Nori. Method for identifying electromagnetically induced transparency in a tunable circuit quantum electrodynamics system. Phys. Rev. A, 93, 053838(2016).

[60] L. He, Y. Liu, S. Yi, C. Sun, F. Nori. Control of photon propagation via electromagnetically induced transparency in lossless media. Phys. Rev. A, 75, 063818(2007).

[61] R. Wen, C. Zou, X. Zhu, P. Chen, Z. Ou, J. Chen, W. Zhang. Non-Hermitian magnon-photon interference in an atomic ensemble. Phys. Rev. Lett., 122, 253602(2019).

[62] X. Huang, C. Lu, C. Liang, H. Tao, Y. Liu. Loss-induced nonreciprocity. Light Sci. Appl., 10, 30(2021).

[63] D. Hao, L. Wang, X. Lu, X. Cao, S. Jia, Y. Hu, Y. Xiao. Topological atomic spinwave lattices by dissipative couplings(2022).

[64] D. Jalas, A. Petrov, M. Eich, W. Freude, S. Fan, Z. Yu, R. Baets, M. Popovic, A. Melloni, J. Joannopoulos, M. Vanwolleghem, C. Doerr, H. Renner. What is—and what is not—an optical isolator. Nat. Photonics, 7, 579-582(2013).

[65] L. Tzuang, K. Fang, P. Nussenzveig, S. Fan, M. Lipson. Non-reciprocal phase shift induced by an effective magnetic flux for light. Nat. Photonics, 8, 701-705(2014).

[66] A. Metelmann, A. Clerk. Nonreciprocal photon transmission and amplification via reservoir engineering. Phys. Rev. X, 5, 021025(2015).

[67] L. Bao, B. Qi, D. Dong, F. Nori. Fundamental limits for reciprocal and nonreciprocal non-Hermitian quantum sensing. Phys. Rev. A, 103, 042418(2021).

[68] L. Tang, J. Tang, M. Chen, F. Nori, M. Xiao, K. Xia. Quantum squeezing induced optical nonreciprocity. Phys. Rev. Lett., 128, 083604(2022).

[69] G. Arwas, S. Gadasi, I. Gershenzon, A. Friesem, N. Davidson, O. Raz. Anyonic parity-time symmetric laser. Sci. Adv., 8, 7454(2022).

[70] K. Kim, M. Sujak, E. Kang, Y. No. Tunable non-Hermiticity in coupled photonic crystal cavities with asymmetric optical gain. Appl. Sci., 10, 8074(2020).

[71] J. Sun, X. Zhang, W. Qu, E. Mikhailov, I. Novikova, H. Shen, Y. Xiao. Spatial multiplexing of squeezed light by coherence diffusion. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123, 203604(2019).