• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 6, Issue 5, A23 (2018)
Weijian Chen1, Jing Zhang1,2, Bo Peng1, Şahin Kaya Özdemir1..., Xudong Fan3 and Lan Yang1,*|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
  • 2Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.6.000A23 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Weijian Chen, Jing Zhang, Bo Peng, Şahin Kaya Özdemir, Xudong Fan, Lan Yang, "Parity-time-symmetric whispering-gallery mode nanoparticle sensor [Invited]," Photonics Res. 6, A23 (2018) Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] K. J. Vahala. Optical microcavities. Nature, 424, 839-846(2003).

    [2] T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, D. K. Armani, K. J. Vahala. Ultralow-threshold microcavity Raman laser on a microelectronic chip. Opt. Lett., 29, 1224-1226(2004).

    [3] L. Yang, T. Carmon, B. Min, S. M. Spillane, K. J. Vahala. Erbium-doped and Raman microlasers on a silicon chip fabricated by the sol-gel process. Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 091114(2005).

    [4] T. J. Kippenberg, K. J. Vahala. Cavity opto-mechanics. Opt. Express, 15, 17172-17205(2007).

    [5] T. Aoki, B. Dayan, E. Wilcut, W. P. Bowen, A. S. Parkins, T. J. Kippenberg, K. J. Vahala, H. J. Kimble. Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator. Nature, 443, 671-674(2006).

    [6] F. Monifi, J. Friedlein, Ş. K. Özdemir, L. Yang. A robust and tunable add-drop filter using whispering gallery mode microtoroid resonator. J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 3306-3315(2012).

    [7] F. Monifi, Ş. K. Özdemir, L. Yang. Tunable add-drop filter using an active whispering gallery mode microcavity. Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, 181103(2013).

    [8] F. Vollmer, S. Arnold. Whispering-gallery-mode biosensing: label-free detection down to single molecules. Nat. Methods, 5, 591-596(2008).

    [9] J. Zhu, Ş. K. Özdemir, Y. F. Xiao, L. Li, L. He, D. R. Chen, L. Yang. On-chip single nanoparticle detection and sizing by mode splitting in an ultrahigh-Q microresonator. Nat. Photonics, 4, 46-49(2010).

    [10] L. He, Ş. K. Özdemir, J. Zhu, L. Yang. Ultrasensitive detection of mode splitting in active optical microcavities. Phys. Rev. A, 82, 053810(2010).

    [11] L. He, Ş. K. Özdemir, J. Zhu, W. Kim, L. Yang. Detecting single viruses and nanoparticles using whispering gallery microlasers. Nat. Nanotechnol., 6, 428-432(2011).

    [12] W. Kim, Ş. K. Özdemir, J. Zhu, F. Monifi, C. Coban, L. Yang. Detection and size measurement of individual hemozoin nanocrystals in aquatic environment using a whispering gallery mode resonator. Opt. Express, 20, 29426-29446(2012).

    [13] F. Vollmer, L. Yang. Label-free detection with high-Q microcavities: a review of biosensing mechanisms for integrated devices. Nanophotonics, 1, 267-291(2012).

    [14] Ş. K. Özdemir, J. Zhu, X. Yang, B. Peng, H. Yilmaz, L. He, F. Monifi, S. H. Huang, G. L. Long, L. Yang. Highly sensitive detection of nanoparticles with a self-referenced and self-heterodyned whispering-gallery Raman microlaser. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, E3836-E3844(2014).

    [15] B. B. Li, W. R. Clements, X. C. Yu, K. Shi, Q. H. Gong, Y. F. Xiao. Single nanoparticle detection using split-mode microcavity Raman lasers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 14657-14662(2014).

    [16] M. R. Foreman, J. D. Swaim, F. Vollmer. Whispering gallery mode sensors. Adv. Opt. Photon., 7, 168-240(2015).

    [17] X. Fan, I. M. White, S. I. Shopova, H. Zhu, J. D. Suter, Y. Sun. Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: a review. Anal. Chim. Acta, 620, 8-26(2008).

    [18] D. K. Armani, T. J. Kippenberg, S. M. Spillane, K. J. Vahala. Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip. Nature, 421, 925-928(2003).

    [19] T. Lu, L. Yang, T. Carmon, B. Min. A narrow-linewidth on-chip toroid Raman laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 47, 320-326(2011).

    [20] J. Wiersig. Enhancing the sensitivity of frequency and energy splitting detection by using exceptional points: application to microcavity sensors for single-particle detection. Phys. Rev. Lett., 112, 203901(2014).

    [21] J. Wiersig. Structure of whispering-gallery modes in optical microdisks perturbed by nanoparticles. Phys. Rev. A, 84, 063828(2011).

    [22] J. Wiersig. Sensors operating at exceptional points: general theory. Phys. Rev. A, 93, 033809(2016).

    [23] W. Chen, Ş. K. Özdemir, G. Zhao, J. Wiersig, L. Yang. Exceptional points enhance sensing in an optical microcavity. Nature, 548, 192-196(2017).

    [24] B. Peng, Ş. K. Özdemir, M. Liertzer, W. Chen, J. Kramer, H. Yilmaz, J. Wiersig, S. Rotter, L. Yang. Chiral modes and directional lasing at exceptional points. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 6845-6850(2016).

    [25] N. Zhang, S. Liu, K. Wang, Z. Gu, M. Li, N. Yi, S. Xiao, Q. Song. Single nanoparticle detection using far-field emission of photonic molecule around the exceptional point. Sci. Rep., 5, 11912(2015).

    [26] C. M. Bender, S. Boettcher. Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT symmetry. Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 5243-5246(1998).

    [27] C. M. Bender. Making sense of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Rep. Prog. Phys., 70, 947-1018(2007).

    [28] A. Guo, G. J. Salamo, D. Duchesne, R. Morandotti, M. Volatier-Ravat, V. Aimez, G. A. Siviloglou, D. N. Christodoulides. Observation of PT-symmetry breaking in complex optical potentials. Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 093902(2009).

    [29] C. E. Rüter, K. G. Makris, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, M. Segev, D. Kip. Observation of parity-time symmetry in optics. Nat. Phys., 6, 192-195(2010).

    [30] A. Regensburger, C. Bersch, M. A. Miri, G. Onishchukov, D. N. Christodoulides, U. Peschel. Parity-time synthetic photonic lattices. Nature, 488, 167-171(2012).

    [31] L. Feng, Y. L. Xu, W. S. Fegadolli, M. H. Lu, J. E. B. Oliveira, V. R. Almeida, Y. F. Chen, A. Scherer. Experimental demonstration of a unidirectional reflectionless parity-time metamaterial at optical frequencies. Nat. Mater., 12, 108-113(2013).

    [32] B. Peng, Ş. K. Özdemir, F. Lei, F. Monifi, M. Gianfreda, G. L. Long, S. Fan, F. Nori, C. M. Bender, L. Yang. Parity-time-symmetric whispering-gallery microcavities. Nat. Phys., 10, 394-398(2014).

    [33] L. Feng, Z. J. Wong, R. M. Ma, Y. Wang, X. Zhang. Single-mode laser by parity-time symmetry breaking. Science, 346, 972-975(2014).

    [34] H. Hodaei, M. A. Miri, M. Heinrich, D. N. Christodoulides, M. Khajavikhan. Parity-time-symmetric microring lasers. Science, 346, 975-978(2014).

    [35] B. Zhen, C. W. Hsu, Y. Igarashi, L. Lu, I. Kaminer, A. Pick, S. L. Chua, J. D. Joannopoulos, M. Soljačić. Spawning rings of exceptional points out of Dirac cones. Nature, 525, 354-358(2015).

    [36] M. Wimmer, A. Regensburger, M. A. Miri, C. Bersch, D. N. Christodoulides, U. Peschel. Observation of optical solitons in PT-symmetric lattices. Nat. Commun., 6, 7782(2015).

    [37] H. Hodaei, A. U. Hassan, S. Wittek, H. Garcia-Gracia, R. El-Ganainy, D. N. Christodoulides, M. Khajavikhan. Enhanced sensitivity at higher-order exceptional points. Nature, 548, 187-191(2017).

    [38] Z. P. Liu, J. Zhang, Ş. K. Özdemir, B. Peng, H. Jing, X. Y. Lü, C. W. Li, L. Yang, F. Nori, Y. X. Liu. Metrology with PT-symmetric cavities: enhanced sensitivity near the PT-phase transition. Phys. Rev. Lett., 117, 110802(2016).

    [39] J. Ren, H. Hodaei, G. Harari, A. U. Hassan, W. Chow, M. Soltani, D. N. Christodoulides, M. Khajavikhan. Ultrasensitive micro-scale parity-time-symmetric ring laser gyroscope. Opt. Lett., 42, 1556-1559(2017).

    [40] H. Benisty, C. Yan, A. Degiron, A. T. Lupu. Healing near-PT-symmetric structures to restore their characteristic singularities: analysis and examples. J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 2675-2683(2012).

    [41] J. Zhu, Ş. K. Özdemir, L. He, L. Yang. Controlled manipulation of mode splitting in an optical microcavity by two Rayleigh scatterers. Opt. Express, 18, 23535-23543(2010).

    [42] X. Yi, Y. F. Xiao, Y. C. Liu, B. B. Li, Y. L. Chen, Y. Li, Q. H. Gong. Multiple-Rayleigh-scatterer-induced mode splitting in a high-Q whispering-gallery-mode microresonator. Phys. Rev. A, 83, 023803(2011).

    [43] J. Zhu, Ş. K. Özdemir, L. He, D. R. Chen, L. Yang. Single virus and nanoparticle size spectrometry by whispering-gallery-mode microcavities. Opt. Express, 19, 16195-16206(2011).

    [44] C. Qiu, J. Shu, Z. Li, X. Zhang, Q. Xu. Wavelength tracking with thermally controlled silicon resonators. Opt. Express, 19, 5143-5148(2011).

    CLP Journals

    [1] Jan Wiersig, "Review of exceptional point-based sensors," Photonics Res. 8, 1457 (2020)

    [2] Zijie Wang, Xiaobei Zhang, Qi Zhang, Yiqi Chen, Yong Yang, Yang Yu, Yang Wang, Yanhua Dong, Yi Huang, Tingyun Wang, "Monitoring and identifying pendant droplets in microbottle resonators," Photonics Res. 10, 662 (2022)

    [3] Jinhyeok Ryu, Sunjae Gwak, Jaewon Kim, Hyeon-Hye Yu, Ji-Hwan Kim, Ji-Won Lee, Chang-Hwan Yi, Chil-Min Kim, "Hybridization of different types of exceptional points," Photonics Res. 7, 1473 (2019)

    [4] Lu Wang, Xuefei Zhou, Shuo Yang, Gaoshan Huang, Yongfeng Mei, "2D-material-integrated whispering-gallery-mode microcavity," Photonics Res. 7, 905 (2019)

    [5] Hyeon-Hye Yu, Sunjae Gwak, Jinhyeok Ryu, Hyundong Kim, Ji-Hwan Kim, Jung-Wan Ryu, Chil-Min Kim, Chang-Hwan Yi, "Impact of non-Hermitian mode interaction on inter-cavity light transfer," Photonics Res. 10, 1232 (2022)

    [6] Yue Wang, Hongchun Zhao, Yancheng Li, Fengfeng Shu, Mingbo Chi, Yang Xu, Yihui Wu, "Mode splitting revealed by Fano interference," Photonics Res. 7, 647 (2019)

    Weijian Chen, Jing Zhang, Bo Peng, Şahin Kaya Özdemir, Xudong Fan, Lan Yang, "Parity-time-symmetric whispering-gallery mode nanoparticle sensor [Invited]," Photonics Res. 6, A23 (2018)
    Download Citation