• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 11, Issue 11, 1919 (2023)
Qilin Duan1、2, Yali Zeng1, Yuhang Yin1, Jinying Xu3, Zhining Chen2, Zhanlei Hao1, Huanyang Chen1、4, and Yineng Liu1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
  • 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
  • 3Department of Physics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • 4e-mail: kenyon@xmu.edu.cn
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.497954 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Qilin Duan, Yali Zeng, Yuhang Yin, Jinying Xu, Zhining Chen, Zhanlei Hao, Huanyang Chen, Yineng Liu. Photonic crystal slabs with maximal chiroptical response empowered by bound states in the continuum[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(11): 1919 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    To enhance the strength of chiral light–matter interaction for practical applications, the chirality and quality factors (Q-factors) of current methods need to be strengthened simultaneously. Here, we propose a design of photonic crystal slabs (PhCs) supporting chiral bound states in the continuum (BICs) of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, exhibiting maximal chiroptical responses with high Q-factors and near-unity circular dichroism (CD=0.98). Different from the past, the PhCs we employed only have reduced in-plane symmetry and can support simultaneously chiral quasi-BICs (q-BICs) of TE and TM mode with two-dimensional ultra-strong external and internal chirality. Based on the temporal coupled-mode theory, two analytical expressions of CD of chiral q-BICs response are revealed, which are consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, we elucidate these results within the charge-current multipole expansion framework and demonstrate that the co-excitation of higher-order multipole electric/magnetic modes is responsible for near-perfect CD. Our results may provide more flexible opportunities for various applications requiring high Q-factors and chirality control, such as chiral lasing, chiral sensing, and enantiomer separation.
    CDI=|tLL|2+|tRL|2|tRR|2|tLR|2=(mI2nI2)(γI+2γItI)γI2+(ω0ω)2,

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    CDE=|tLL|2+|tRL|2|tRR|2|tLR|2=(mE2nE2)(γE+2γEtE)γE2+(|k|k0)2,

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    dAEdr=(ik0αvgγE)AE+αvgDET|s+(vg>0,αvg=1;vg<0,αvg=1)|s=CE|s++DEAE=S|s+,(A1)

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    CE=[RRRIRRLITRRIITRLIIRLRIRLLITLRIITLLIITRRITRLIRRRIIRRLIITLRITLLIRLRIIRLLII]=[rErEtEtErErEtEtEtEtErErEtEtErErE],(A2)

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    DE=[dRI,dLI,dRII,dLII]T,(A3)

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    {DE+DE=2γECEDE*=DE.(A4)

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    dLI+dRI=dLII+dRII.(A5)

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    {dLI=dRII=mEdRI=dLII=nE.(A6)

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    |mE|2+|nE|2=γE.(A7)

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    {mE=exp(iθmE)βEγEnE=exp(iθnE)αEγE.(A8)

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    SE=CE+DEDETiαvg(|k|k0)+γE.(A9)

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    SE=[rRRIrRLItRRIItRLIIrLRIrLLItLRIItLLIItRRItRLIrRRIIrRLIItLRItLLIrLRIIrLLII]=[rE+nE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γErE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+nE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γErE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γErE+mE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+mE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+mE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γErE+mE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γErE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+nE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γEtE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γErE+mEnEiαvg(|k|k0)+γErE+nE2iαvg(|k|k0)+γE].(A10)

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    SE=[Λ1E+iΓ1Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ2E+iΓ2Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ4E+iΓ4Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ6E+iΓ6Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ2E+iΓ2Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ3E+iΓ3Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ5E+iΓ5Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ4E+iΓ4Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ4E+iΓ4Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ5E+iΓ5Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ3E+iΓ3Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ2E+iΓ2Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ6E+iΓ6Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ4E+iΓ4Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ2E+iΓ2Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γEΛ1E+iΓ1Eiαvg(|k|k0)+γE],(A11)

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    ΛjE+iΓjE=[γ0AjE+αvg(|k|k0)BjE]+i[γECjE+αvg(|k|k0)DjE],j{1,2,3,4,5,6}.(A12)

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    {A4E=|tE|cosφ3E+βEαEcos(θmI+θnE),B4E=|tE|sinφ3EC4E=|tE|sinφ3E+βEαEsin(θmE+θnE),D4E=|tE|cosφ3EA5E=|tE|cosφ4E+αEcos2θnE,B5E=|tE|sinφ4E,C5E=|tE|sinφ4E+αEsin2θnE,D5E=|tE|cosφ4EA6E=|tE|cosφ4I+βIcos2θmI,B6E=|tE|sinφ4I,C6E=|tE|sinφ4E+βEsin2θmE,D6I=|tE|cosφ4E.(A13)

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    Tij=|tij|2=|ΛjE+iΓjEiαvg(|k|k0)+γE|2=γE2(AjE2+CjE2)+2αvgγE(|k|k0)(AjEBjE+CjEDjE)+αvg2(BjE2+DjE2)(|k|k0)2γE2+αvg2(|k|k0)2=γE2(AjE2+CjE2)2γE(|k|k0)(AjEBjE+CjEDjE)+(BjE2+DjE2)(|k|k0)2γE2+(|k|k0)2.(A14)

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    CDE=|tLL|2+|tRL|2|tRR|2|tLR|2=|tRL|2|tLR|2=(mE2nE2)(γE+2γEtE)γE2+αvg2(|k|k0)2.(A15)

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    CDE=(mE2nE2)(γE+2γEtE)γE2+(|k|k0)2.(A16)

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    {dAIdt=(iω0γI)AI+DITab=SIa=CIa+DIAI,(B1)

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    CI=[RRRIRRLITRRIITRLIIRLRIRLLITLRIITLLIITRRITRLIRRRIIRRLIITLRITLLIRLRIIRLLII]=[rIrItItIrIrItItItItIrIrItItIrIrI],(B2)

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    DI=[dRI,dLI,dRII,dLII]T,(B3)

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    {DI+DI=2γICIDI*=DI.(B4)

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    dLI+dRI=dLII+dRII.(B5)

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    {dLI=dRII=mIdRI=dLII=nI.(B6)

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    |mI|2+|nI|2=γI.(B7)

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    {mI=exp(iθmI)βIγInI=exp(iθnI)αIγI.(B8)

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    SI=CI+DIDITi(ω0ω)+γI.(B9)

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    SI=[rRRIrRLItRRIItRLIIrLRIrLLItLRIItLLIItRRItRLIrRRIIrRLIItLRItLLIrLRIIrLLII]=[rI+nI2i(ω0ω)+γIrI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γItI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γItI+nI2i(ω0ω)+γIrI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γIrI+mI2i(ω0ω)+γItI+mI2i(ω0ω)+γItI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γItI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γItI+mI2i(ω0ω)+γIrI+mI2i(ω0ω)+γIrI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γItI+nI2i(ω0ω)+γItI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γIrI+mInIi(ω0ω)+γIrI+nI2i(ω0ω)+γI].(B10)

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    SI=[rRRIrRLItRRIItRLIIrLRIrLLItLRIItLLIItRRItRLIrRRIIrRLIItLRItLLIrLRIIrLLII]=[Λ1I+iΓ1Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ2I+iΓ2Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ4I+iΓ4Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ6I+iΓ6Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ2I+iΓ2Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ3I+iΓ3Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ5I+iΓ5Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ4I+iΓ4Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ4I+iΓ4Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ5I+iΓ5Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ3I+iΓ3Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ2I+iΓ2Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ6I+iΓ6Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ4I+iΓ4Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ2I+iΓ2Ii(ωω0)+γIΛ1I+iΓ1Ii(ωω0)+γI,],(B11)

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    ΛjI+iΓjI=[γIAjI+(ωω0)BjI]+i[γICI+(ωω0)DI],j{1,2,3,4,5,6}.(B12)

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    T(R)ij=|t(r)ij|2=|ΛjI+iΓjIi(ωω0)+γI|2=γI2(AjI2+CjI2)+2γI(ωω0)(AjIBjI+CjIDjI)+(BjI2+DjI2)(ωω0)2γI2+(ωω0)2.(B13)

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    CDI=|tLL|2+|tRL|2|tRR|2|tLR|2=|tRL|2|tLR|2=(mI2nI2)(mI2+nI2+2γItI)γI2+(ω0ω)2=(mI2nI2)(γI+2γItI)γI2+(ω0ω)2.(B14)

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    J(r)=iω[ε(r)εh]E(r),(C1)

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    ae(l,m)=(i)l1k2ηOlmE0[π(2l+1)]12exp(imφ){[Ψl(kr)+Ψl(kr)]Plm(cosθ)r^·J(r)+Ψl(kr)kr[τlm(θ)θ^·J(r)iπlm(θ)ϕ^·J(r)]}d3r,(C2)

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    am(l,m)=(i)l+1k2ηOlmE0[π(2l+1)]12=exp(imφ)jl(kr)[τlm(θ)ϕ^·J(r)+iπlm(θ)θ^·J(r)]d3r,(C3)

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    Olm=1[l(l+1)]12[2l+14π(lm)!(l+m)!]12;τlm(θ)=ddθPlm(cosθ);πlm(θ)=msinθPlm(cosθ),(C4)

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    CSE=πk2l=1m=ll(2l+1)[|ae(l,m)|2],CSM=πk2l=1m=ll(2l+1)[|am(l,m)|2].(C5)

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    Qilin Duan, Yali Zeng, Yuhang Yin, Jinying Xu, Zhining Chen, Zhanlei Hao, Huanyang Chen, Yineng Liu. Photonic crystal slabs with maximal chiroptical response empowered by bound states in the continuum[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(11): 1919
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