Instruments are the main means of obtaining information and the support of the information industry. Obtaining various information quickly and accurately is a major development trend of measuring instruments, and it is also an inevitable requirement of the rapid development of the information age. Laser multi-degree-of-freedom simultaneous measurement has significant advantages such as high measurement efficiency and simultaneous measurement of multi-degree-of-freedom error parameters. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional laser single-parameter measurement, such as limited information acquisition and low measurement efficiency, and has become an important research direction in the field of CNC machine tool error measurements. In this paper, according to the order of the integration of the laser single degree of freedom measurement method to the multi-degree-of-freedom simultaneous measurement system, the current laser multi-degree-of-freedom simultaneous measurement method and system are comprehensively introduced, the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the future development trend of the laser multi-degree-of-freedom is discussed.