Time-of-flight laser ranging technique of single transmitted pulse has very important application prospect in fast response applications, such as moving target tracking measurement, vehicle anticollision, robot motion control and so on. The research status of time-of-flight laser ranging technique of single transmitted pulse is introduced. The principle, method and error compensation of single transmitted pulse ranging based on leading edge timing and resonance timing are analyzed. The technical indices, such as the range of single transmitted pulse ranging and the accuracy of single transmitted pulse ranging are given.