• Chinese Optics Letters
  • Vol. 19, Issue 3, 030601 (2021)
Yixin Zhang1, Tong Zhou1, Zhewen Ding1, Yanqing Lu1, Xuping Zhang1、*, Feng Wang1, and Ningmu Zou2、**
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210093, China
  • 2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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    DOI: 10.3788/COL202119.030601 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yixin Zhang, Tong Zhou, Zhewen Ding, Yanqing Lu, Xuping Zhang, Feng Wang, Ningmu Zou. Classification of interference-fading tolerant Φ-OTDR signal using optimal peak-seeking and machine learning [Invited][J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2021, 19(3): 030601 Copy Citation Text show less
    Flow chart of fading suppression method.
    Fig. 1. Flow chart of fading suppression method.
    (a) Probability of signal falling into the dead zone under different window size (100 ns). (b) Probability of signal falling into the dead zone under different pulse width.
    Fig. 2. (a) Probability of signal falling into the dead zone under different window size (100 ns). (b) Probability of signal falling into the dead zone under different pulse width.
    (a) Ada-5032E. (b) Schematic diagram of the experiment. (NLL, narrow-linewidth laser; AOM, acoustic-optical modulator; FUT, fiber under test; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; Cir, circulator; BPD, balanced photodetector; DAQ, data acquisition card; PZT, piezo transducer.)
    Fig. 3. (a) Ada-5032E. (b) Schematic diagram of the experiment. (NLL, narrow-linewidth laser; AOM, acoustic-optical modulator; FUT, fiber under test; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; Cir, circulator; BPD, balanced photodetector; DAQ, data acquisition card; PZT, piezo transducer.)
    STFT spectrum of phase results in 15 s. (a) Traditional method. (b) Proposed method.
    Fig. 4. STFT spectrum of phase results in 15 s. (a) Traditional method. (b) Proposed method.
    Accuracy of two methods within 5 min.
    Fig. 5. Accuracy of two methods within 5 min.
    STFT spectrum of 10 ramming ground tests. (a) Traditional method. (b) Proposed method.
    Fig. 6. STFT spectrum of 10 ramming ground tests. (a) Traditional method. (b) Proposed method.
    (a) Excavator digging event. (b) Time domain wave pattern of an invasive event. (c) Frequency-domain image after STFT. (d) Binary image after threshold filtering.
    Fig. 7. (a) Excavator digging event. (b) Time domain wave pattern of an invasive event. (c) Frequency-domain image after STFT. (d) Binary image after threshold filtering.
    (a) Parameter optimization results of SVM model. (b) Schematic structure of feedforward neural network. (c) Mean squared error.
    Fig. 8. (a) Parameter optimization results of SVM model. (b) Schematic structure of feedforward neural network. (c) Mean squared error.
    FeatureSymbolDescription
    AreaSTotal number of pixels
    PerimeterPNumber of pixels on edge
    CompactnessCon(Square of P)/S
    Number of clustersNcNumber of connected pixel clusters
    Table 1. Definition of Pattern Features
    Event CategoryNumber of SamplesLabel
    Excavator digging931
    Engineering truck passing1482
    Falling rock533
    Pile driver hitting374
    Directional drilling525
    Table 2. Category and Counts of Samples and Labels
    EventNumber of SamplesAccuracy (%)
    SVMFNN
    Excavator digging24100100
    Truck passing41100100
    Rock falling13100100
    Stick ramming96778
    Driller punching13100100
    Table 3. Testing Dataset and Results of Both Models
    Yixin Zhang, Tong Zhou, Zhewen Ding, Yanqing Lu, Xuping Zhang, Feng Wang, Ningmu Zou. Classification of interference-fading tolerant Φ-OTDR signal using optimal peak-seeking and machine learning [Invited][J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2021, 19(3): 030601
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