This study proposes a method for Laplace surface recurrence based on optimized control point monitoring to tackle the challenges of high-intensity and time-consuming of surface deformation detection engineering processing in the assembly process. First, the model is simplified based on various constraints, control points are placed, and spacing is optimized using a qualitative analysis of the simplified model’s deflection. Second, by mapping the source model with the centroid as the reference point and determining the corresponding control point coordinates on the source model, the relationship between the source model and the real deformation component is established. On this basis, the surface is subjected to Laplace deformation to ensure that the reconstructed surface can reflect the real deformed component. The experimental results show that the reconstruction accuracy of 93% can be controlled within 0.1 mm, reflecting the actual deformation of components. This study is significant in terms of engineering guidance in practical application.