Regarding difficult quantitative analysis, low automation, and intermediate link transformation in reverse design based on industrial computerized tomography (CT) images, this paper proposes a method for direct conversion of industrial CT images into triangular mesh finite element models. After the contour recognition of a CT image, the inner and outer boundaries of the finite element model are generated. According to the coordinate information of image pixels, the image is divided into several elements. Then, the initial triangular mesh finite element model is generated with the improved triangulation method, and the initial finite element model is optimized. The results show that the maximum side ratio of the generated triangular meshes is between 1 and 2, and the maximum twist angle is between 0° and 2°, which meets the evaluation standard of practical engineering application. Experiments are carried out on the sample and cylinder head model, and the results prove the feasibility of the proposed method.