The measurement of linearly-polarized Stokes vector can be extended to the measurement of full Stokes vector (FSV) by placing a phase retarder, such as a waveplate, in front of the division-of-focal-plane (DoFP) polarization camera. In this study, we propose two optimization strategies to estimate FSV by matrix-decomposition and pseudo-inverse models for DoFP-camera-based FSV polarimeters. According to different FSV estimation models, these two strategies can minimize the measurement variance under the condition of two light-intensity acquisition, thereby optimizing the measurement precision. In particular, by using the inherent measurement redundancy of the DoFP camera, we also propose a self-calibrated analytical solution of the phase retardance of waveplate. This self-calibrated algorithm can replace the step of separate calibration of the phase retardance of waveplate in practical application and can provide technical support for real-time polarization measurement in dynamic environments.