Fig. 1. Infrared photodetectors for multidimensional optical information acquisition
Fig. 2. MWIR(top)and LWIR(bottom)1280×720 images acquired by HRL
[13] Fig. 3. (a)Sequential mode of HgCdTe two-color infrared photodetector,(b)simultaneous mode of HgCdTe two-color infrared photodetector,(c)side view of HDVIP two-color photodetector,(d)top view of HDVIP two-color photodetector
[24,25] Fig. 4. (a)Staggered structure of two-color infrared photodetector,(b)schematic of super-pixel four-color infrared photodetector
Fig. 5. (a)Structure of Van der Waals two-color photodetector,(b)simulated energy band diagram with p-Si under a negative voltage,(c)normalized spectral response of the two-color photodetector during the back radiation,(d)structure of Quantum dot two-color photodetector,(e)energy band under 0 V bias of two-color photodetector,(f)optical absorption diagram
[32,33] Fig. 6. (a)Single-nanowire spectrometers,(b)schematic of photodetector
[34] Fig. 7. (a)Traditional infrared image,(b)polarization image,(c)visible image,(d)traditional infrared image,(e)polarization image
[35,36] Fig. 8. Common types of infrared polarization imaging
Fig. 9. (a)Selection mode of Photo state polarization,(b)Polarization selection mode of subband transition law,(c)extinction ratio line
[43,44] Fig. 10. (a)Schematic of the nanoantenna-mediated semimetal photodetector,(b)calculated PRs as a mapping of(θ1,θ2)values,(c)cutline plot of the PRs along the dashed line in b,(d)schematic of MSM to sense the linear(left)or circular(right)polarization states,(e)band diagram under bias
[46,47] Fig. 11. Current intensity response of ReSe
2 photodetectors under different light polarizations
[48] Fig. 12. (a)Metasurface-mediated graphene photodetector,(b)the experiment diagram of controlling the linear polarization state,(c)simulation diagram of vectorial photocurrent,(d)ploar plot of measured I
ph,(e)the diagram of three-port device and polarization 2D plot
[53] Fig. 13. Schematic of Direct Time of Flight(DTOF)and traditional Avalanche Photodiode(APD)
Fig. 14. (a)BP/InSe heterostructure,(b)the noise of APD,(c)traditional ionizing collision process,(d)ballistic avalanche of BP/InSe heterostructure
[65] Fig. 15. (a)Schematic diagram of MIM cavity,(b)transmission of MIM cavity with varying the polarization of incident light,(c)structure diagram of tapered InP nanowires APD,(d)simulated absorption
[69] Fig. 16. New single photodetectors of nanowire
[70] Fig. 17. (a)Structure diagram of 3D/2D heterojunction,(b)schematic of 3D/2D heterojunction,(c)schematic of heterojunction,(d)schematic of staircase APD structure
[71-74] Fig. 18. (a)Schematic of semi-ring plasmonic nano-slit,(b)diagram of on-chip plasmonic nanogratings,(c)OAM light with different topological charges is converted to different SPP waves
[81,82] Fig. 19. (a)Left:schematic and SEM image of the phase modulation OAM beam splitter,right:scattered intensity profiles of the device for incident beams with different angular momentum,(b)schematic of the plasmonic spin-Hall nanograting,(c)schematic illustration and simulated results for determining the optical singularities by the spin-multiplexed metasurface,(d)schematic for determination of free space optical singularities
[83,84,88,89] Fig. 20. Summary of new materials,new structures,new concepts and development prospects of next generation infrared detectors
Two-color detectors | Advantage |
---|
IR / UV(红外/紫外) | Background suppression | SW / MW(短波/中波) | Improve anti-interference ability of IR guidance | SW / LW(短波/长波) | Distinguish missiles from jammers | MW / LW(中波/长波) | Enlarge the target detection area | MW / MW(中波/中波) | Distinguish missiles from sunlight | LW / LW(长波/长波) | The high QE and low dark currents of device |
|
Table 1. Advantages of two-color infrared photodetector in military application
| Sequential mode | Simultaneous mode |
---|
Output electrodes per unit cell | One | Two | Readout rate | Slow | Fast | Bias voltage | Change | Not change | Best bias voltage | Not best | Best | Cross talk | Exist | Exist |
|
Table 2. Comparison of two different modes of two-color infrared detectors