In order to study the effect of height on the residual stress distribution in laser-deposited thin-walled parts, a fully coupled thermomechanical finite element model is built to simulate the temperature and stress fields in the laser-deposited 316L stainless steel thin-walled parts. The simulated results are compared with the experimental results to verify the model. The results show that as the height increases, the longitudinal stress distribution along the height direction gradually changes from uniformly distributed larger tensile stress to smaller tensile stress at the bottom and larger tensile stress at the top. The vertical stress at the boundary increases as the height increases, and the size of the zone with large tensile stress gradually increases. The longitudinal stress along the length decreases slightly as the height increases. The longitudinal stress in the lower layer gradually decreases due to thermal cycling caused by deposition. As the height increases, the vertical stress distribution at the bottom of the thin-walled part gradually becomes tensile stress at both ends and compressive stress in the middle, and the stress increases with the increase of height.