The process of petroleum extraction is often accompanied by the production of corrosive gases, metal particles and minerals, resulting in the serious corrosion and wear of petroleum machinery and equipment. Laser surface treatment technology can improve the material properties, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of parts and workpieces. The applications of laser surface treatment technologies in the petroleum machinery are summarized. The laser quenching, laser cladding and laser alloying are introduced in detail. The other laser surface treatment technologies and their applications are also summarized. The application status and exiting problems of laser surface treatment technologies in the petroleum machinery are analyzed and their development prospects are also put forward.