• Journal of Semiconductors
  • Vol. 41, Issue 2, 022406 (2020)
Weixiong Jiang1、2、3, Heng Yu4, Jiale Zhang1、2、3, Jiaxuan Wu1、2、3, Shaobo Luo5, and Yajun Ha1、2、3
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
  • 2Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
  • 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 4University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
  • 5Universite Paris-Est, Paris 93162, France
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    DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/41/2/022406 Cite this Article
    Weixiong Jiang, Heng Yu, Jiale Zhang, Jiaxuan Wu, Shaobo Luo, Yajun Ha. Optimizing energy efficiency of CNN-based object detection with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(2): 022406 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    On the one hand, accelerating convolution neural networks (CNNs) on FPGAs requires ever increasing high energy efficiency in the edge computing paradigm. On the other hand, unlike normal digital algorithms, CNNs maintain their high robustness even with limited timing errors. By taking advantage of this unique feature, we propose to use dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to further optimize the energy efficiency for CNNs. First, we have developed a DVFS framework on FPGAs. Second, we apply the DVFS to SkyNet, a state-of-the-art neural network targeting on object detection. Third, we analyze the impact of DVFS on CNNs in terms of performance, power, energy efficiency and accuracy. Compared to the state-of-the-art, experimental results show that we have achieved 38% improvement in energy efficiency without any loss in accuracy. Results also show that we can achieve 47% improvement in energy efficiency if we allow 0.11% relaxation in accuracy.
    $ F_{\rm{OUT}} = F_{\rm{CLKIN}} \times \frac{M}{D\times O} , $(1)

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    $ t_{\rm T} = t_{\rm I}+t_{\rm S}+t_{\rm A} , $(2)

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    $ E_{\rm T} = t_{\rm I} P_{\rm I}+t_{\rm S} P_{\rm S}+t_{\rm A} P_{\rm A},$(3)

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    $ P_{\rm M} = E_{\rm T}/t_{\rm T}. $(4)

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    $ {\rm{UEE}} = \frac{ {\rm{Performance}} \times {\rm{Accuracy}}}{ {\rm{Energy}}}. $(5)

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    $ {\rm{UEE}} = \frac{ {\rm{FPS}} \times {\rm{Average}}\;{\rm{IoU}}}{ {\rm{Total}}\;{\rm{energy}}}. $(6)

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    Weixiong Jiang, Heng Yu, Jiale Zhang, Jiaxuan Wu, Shaobo Luo, Yajun Ha. Optimizing energy efficiency of CNN-based object detection with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2020, 41(2): 022406
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