A high-power fiber laser is limited by the nonlinearity of a single-fiber output. Therefore, a beam array must be formed through multiple fiber lasers that output a single focused beam. A high-power high-quality beam output must be ensured after a long-distance transmission through atmospheric turbulence. This study uses an array containing 19 fiber laser beams to design a coherent array synthesis system. The effects of beam truncation factor, angle jitter, and turbulence propagation on coherent synthetic beams are quantitatively analyzed, and the coherent propagation process and their propagation characteristics in free space are simulated to provide references for the establishment of a practical coherent laser array system.