Herein, we present a systematic study on annular plasma photonic crystals (APPCs) with different filling ratios in dielectric barrier discharge using the water electrodes. In this study, the APPCs with dynamically adjustable plasma columns and high spatiotemporal symmetry have been realized, providing possibilities for modulating the microstructures of elements in APPCs. Based on the experimental results, the dispersion relation of different APPCs are studied using the finite element method. Furthermore, the influences of the radius of plasma columns on the positions and sizes of band gaps are analyzed. The results show that band gaps change from unidirectional to omnidirectional with increasing plasma column radius and the widths of omnidirectional band gaps increase considerably. Compared with conventional plasma photonic crystals (PPCs), APPCs can easily produce large omnidirectional band gaps with lower threshold values of the plasma column radius. Additionally, for a given radius, the sizes of band gaps in APPCs are larger than those in conventional PPCs. The novel APPCs with tunable filling ratios proposed here provide more possibilities for engineering the band gaps and offer enlightenment for designing new types of tunable photonic crystals and developing wide band gaps, highly-integrated photonic devices.