[1] C. L. Holloway, E. F. Kuester, J. A. Gordon, J. O’Hara, J. Booth, D. R. Smith. An overview of the theory and applications of metasurfaces: the two-dimensional equivalents of metamaterials. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 54, 10-35(2012).
[2] X. Luo. Principles of electromagnetic waves in metasurfaces. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron., 58, 594201(2015).
[3] N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J.-P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, Z. Gaburro. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science, 334, 333-337(2011).
[4] L. Huang, X. Chen, H. Mühlenbernd, G. Li, B. Bai, Q. Tan, G. Jin, T. Zentgraf, S. Zhang. Dispersionless phase discontinuities for controlling light propagation. Nano Lett., 12, 5750-5755(2012).
[5] K. Zhang, Y. Wang, S. N. Burokur, Q. Wu. Generating dual-polarized vortex beam by detour phase: from phase gradient metasurfaces to metagratings. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 70, 200-209(2021).
[6] N. I. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla. Perfect metamaterial absorber. Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 207402(2008).
[7] J. Hao, Y. Yuan, L. Ran, T. Jiang, J. A. Kong, C. T. Chan, L. Zhou. Manipulating electromagnetic wave polarizations by anisotropic metamaterials. Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, 63908(2007).
[8] D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, D. R. Smith. Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies. Science, 314, 977-980(2006).
[9] X. Li, S. Xiao, B. Cai, Q. He, T. J. Cui, L. Zhou. Flat metasurfaces to focus electromagnetic waves in reflection geometry. Opt. Lett., 37, 4940-4942(2012).
[10] G. A. Rao, S. P. Mahulikar. Integrated review of stealth technology and its role in airpower. Aeronaut. J., 106, 629-642(2002).
[11] H. Ahmad, A. Tariq, A. Shehzad, M. S. Faheem, M. Shafiq, I. A. Rashid, A. Afzal, A. Munir, M. T. Riaz, H. T. Haider, A. Afzal, M. B. Qadir, Z. Khaliq. Stealth technology: methods and composite materials—a review. Polym. Compos., 40, 4457-4472(2019).
[12] F. Ding, Y. Cui, X. Ge, Y. Jin, S. He. Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber. Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, 103506(2012).
[13] T. J. Cui, M. Q. Qi, X. Wan, J. Zhao, Q. Cheng. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl., 3, e218(2014).
[14] W. Chen, C. A. Balanis, C. R. Birtcher. Dual wide-band checkerboard surfaces for radar cross section reduction. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 64, 4133-4138(2016).
[15] H. L. Zhu, S. W. Cheung, K. L. Chung, T. I. Yuk. Linear-to-circular polarization conversion using metasurface. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 61, 4615-4623(2013).
[16] L. Phan, W. G. Walkup, D. D. Ordinario, E. Karshalev, J.-M. Jocson, A. M. Burke, A. A. Gorodetsky. Reconfigurable infrared camouflage coatings from a cephalopod protein. Adv. Mater., 25, 5621-5625(2013).
[17] L. Yuan, X. Weng, L. Deng. Influence of binder viscosity on the control of infrared emissivity in low emissivity coating. Infrared Phys. Technol., 56, 25-29(2013).
[18] F. Xue, S. Xu, Y.-T. Luo, W. Jia. Design of digital camouflage by recursive overlapping of pattern templates. Neurocomputing, 172, 262-270(2016).
[19] Y. Pang, Y. Shen, Y. Li, J. Wang, Z. Xu, S. Qu. Water-based metamaterial absorbers for optical transparency and broadband microwave absorption. J. Appl. Phys., 123, 155106(2018).
[20] L. Li, R. Xi, H. Liu, Z. Lv. Broadband polarization-independent and low-profile optically transparent metamaterial absorber. Appl. Phys. Express, 11, 52001(2018).
[21] Z. Zhang, M. Xu, X. Ruan, J. Yan, J. Yun, W. Zhao, Y. Wang. Enhanced radar and infrared compatible stealth properties in hierarchical SnO2@ZnO nanostructures. Ceram. Int., 43, 3443-3447(2017).
[22] L. Chen, C. Lu, Y. Zhao, Y. Ni, J. Song, Z. Xu. Infrared emissivities and microwave absorption properties of perovskite Sm0.5Sr0.5Co1−
[23] J. K. Zhang, D. P. Zhao, Z. S. Chen, Y. Liu, H. Wang, Z. Q. Lin, J. M. Shi. One dimensional photonic crystal based multilayer film with low IR and visible signatures. Opt. Mater., 91, 261-267(2019).
[24] D. Qi, X. Wang, Y. Cheng, R. Gong, B. Li. Design and characterization of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on ZnS/Ge for infrared-visible compatible stealth applications. Opt. Mater., 62, 52-56(2016).
[25] H. Tian, H.-T. Liu, H.-F. Cheng. A thin radar-infrared stealth-compatible structure: design, fabrication, and characterization. Chin. Phys. B, 23, 25201(2014).
[26] T. Kim, J.-Y. Bae, N. Lee, H. H. Cho. Hierarchical metamaterials for multispectral camouflage of infrared and microwaves. Adv. Funct. Mater., 29, 1807319(2019).
[27] C. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Yuan, J. Zhao, J. Y. Dai, T. C. Guo, J. Liang, G. Y. Xu, Q. Cheng, T. J. Cui. An ultralight and thin metasurface for radar-infrared bi-stealth applications. J. Phys. D, 50, 444002(2017).
[28] C. Zhang, X. Wu, C. Huang, J. Peng, C. Ji, J. Yang, Y. Huang, Y. Guo, X. Luo. Flexible and transparent microwave–infrared bistealth structure. Adv. Mater. Technol., 4, 1900063(2019).
[29] S. Zhong, L. Wu, T. Liu, J. Huang, W. Jiang, Y. Ma. Transparent transmission-selective radar-infrared bi-stealth structure. Opt. Express, 26, 16466-16476(2018).
[30] Z. Meng, C. Tian, C. Xu, J. Wang, S. Huang, X. Li, B. Yang, Q. Fan, S. Qu. Multi-spectral functional metasurface simultaneously with visible transparency, low infrared emissivity and wideband microwave absorption. Infrared Phys. Technol., 110, 103469(2020).
[31] M. Safari, N. P. Kherani, G. V. Eleftheriades. Multi-functional metasurface: visibly and RF transparent, NIR control and low thermal emissivity(2021).
[32] A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, G. E. Hinton. ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Commun. ACM, 60, 84-90(2017).
[33] T. Young, D. Hazarika, S. Poria, E. Cambria. Recent trends in deep learning based natural language processing. IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag., 13, 55-75(2018).
[34] K. He, X. Zhang, S. Ren, J. Sun. Deep residual learning for image recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 770-778(2016).
[35] B. Sanchez-Lengeling, A. Aspuru-Guzik. Inverse molecular design using machine learning: generative models for matter engineering. Science, 361, 360-365(2018).
[36] C. C. Nadell, B. Huang, J. M. Malof, W. J. Padilla. Deep learning for accelerated all-dielectric metasurface design. Opt. Express, 27, 27523-27535(2019).
[37] S. An, C. Fowler, B. Zheng, M. Y. Shalaginov, H. Tang, H. Li, L. Zhou, J. Ding, A. M. Agarwal, C. Rivero-Baleine, K. A. Richardson, T. Gu, J. Hu, H. Zhang. A deep learning approach for objective-driven all-dielectric metasurface design. ACS Photon., 6, 3196-3207(2019).
[38] S. An, B. Zheng, H. Tang, M. Y. Shalaginov, L. Zhou, H. Li, M. Kang, K. A. Richardson, T. Gu, J. Hu, C. Fowler, H. Zhang. Multifunctional metasurface design with a generative adversarial network. Adv. Opt. Mater., 9, 2001433(2021).
[39] S. An, B. Zheng, M. Y. Shalaginov, H. Tang, H. Li, L. Zhou, J. Ding, A. M. Agarwal, C. Rivero-Baleine, M. Kang, K. A. Richardson, T. Gu, J. Hu, C. Fowler, H. Zhang. Deep learning modeling approach for metasurfaces with high degrees of freedom. Opt. Express, 28, 31932-31942(2020).
[40] J. Qie, E. Khoram, D. Liu, M. Zhou, L. Gao. Real-time deep learning design tool for far-field radiation profile. Photon. Res., 9, B104-B108(2021).
[41] T. Shan, X. Pan, M. Li, S. Xu, F. Yang. “Coding programmable metasurfaces based on deep learning techniques. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst., 10, 114-125(2020).
[42] H. P. Wang, Y. B. Li, H. Li, S. Y. Dong, C. Liu, S. Jin, T. J. Cui. Deep learning designs of anisotropic metasurfaces in ultrawideband based on generative adversarial networks. Adv. Intell. Syst., 2, 2000068(2020).
[43] J. Peurifoy, Y. Shen, L. Jing, Y. Yang, F. Cano-Renteria, B. G. DeLacy, J. D. Joannopoulos, M. Tegmark, M. Soljačić. Nanophotonic particle simulation and inverse design using artificial neural networks. Sci. Adv., 4, eaar4206(2018).
[44] J. Jiang, J. A. Fan. Simulator-based training of generative neural networks for the inverse design of metasurfaces. Nanophotonics, 9, 1059-1069(2020).
[45] W. Ma, F. Cheng, Y. Xu, Q. Wen, Y. Liu. Probabilistic representation and inverse design of metamaterials based on a deep generative model with semi-supervised learning strategy. Adv. Mater., 31, 1901111(2019).
[46] Z. Liu, D. Zhu, S. P. Rodrigues, K.-T. Lee, W. Cai. Generative model for the inverse design of metasurfaces. Nano Lett., 18, 6570-6576(2018).
[47] L. Jiang, X. Li, Q. Wu, L. Wang, L. Gao. Neural network enabled metasurface design for phase manipulation. Opt. Express, 29, 2521-2528(2021).
[48] D. Liu, Y. Tan, E. Khoram, Z. Yu. Training deep neural networks for the inverse design of nanophotonic structures. ACS Photon., 5, 1365-1369(2018).
[49] M. T. Hagan, M. B. Menhaj. Training feedforward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 5, 989-993(1994).
[50] M. Feng, J. Wang, H. Ma, W. Mo, H. Ye, S. Qu. Broadband polarization rotator based on multi-order plasmon resonances and high impedance surfaces. J. Appl. Phys., 114, 74508(2013).