• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 10, Issue 4, 843 (2022)
Yuxiang Jia1、2, Jiafu Wang1、2、3、*, Yajuan Han1、2、4、*, Ruichao Zhu1、2, Zhongtao Zhang1、2, Jie Yang1、2, Yueyu Meng1、2, Yongfeng Li1、2, and Shaobo Qu1、2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
  • 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Xi’an 710051, China
  • 3e-mail: wangjiafu1981@126.com
  • 4e-mail: mshyj_mail@126.com
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.447037 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yuxiang Jia, Jiafu Wang, Yajuan Han, Ruichao Zhu, Zhongtao Zhang, Jie Yang, Yueyu Meng, Yongfeng Li, Shaobo Qu. Quasi-omnibearing retro-reflective metagrating protected by reciprocity[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(4): 843 Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Reciprocity is ubiquitous in antennas for receiving and radiating electromagnetic (EM) waves, i.e., if an antenna has good receiving performance at a given direction, it also has good radiation performance in that direction. Inspired by this, we propose a method of designing a quasi-ominibearing retro-reflective metagrating (RRMG) protected by the reciprocity of antennas. Based on the second-order mode around 15.0 GHz of a short-circuited structured patch antenna (SPA), incident transverse magnetic waves can be received, channeled into the coaxial lines, reflected by the shortened end, and finally re-radiated into free space with a reversed wave vector. RRMGs are contrived consisting of this identical SPA, with a grating constant allowing ±2nd-, ±1st-, and zeroth-order diffractions. Oblique incidence, plus the tilted nulls of the re-radiation pattern, can eliminate -1st, zeroth, +1st, and +2nd orders, and only the -2nd order is left to achieve retro-reflections. Prototypes were fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show that the RRMGs maintain only -2nd-order diffraction for incident angles 32.2°θi<90.0° in four quadrants, and that RRMGs can achieve quasi-omnibearing retro-reflections for θi=50.0°. The use of higher-order diffraction brings more degrees of freedom in manipulating EM waves, and this strategy can be readily extended to millimeter waves, THz wave, or even optical regimes.
    kx+m·ζ=±k0,

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    k0·sinθi+m·ζ=k0·sinθr.

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    pm=mλ0/2sinθi.

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    k0·sinθi2·ζ=k0·sinθr.

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    k02πp<kx<k0&4πpk0<kx<6πpk0,kx>0,(5a)

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    k0<kx<2πpk0&k06πp<kx<k04πp,kx<0.(5b)

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    1sinθi<sinθi<1&2sinθi1<sinθi<3sinθi1.

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    η=k0·sinθi·d/p0.

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    k0·sinθOSL=k0·sinθMLL+η,(8a)

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    k0·sinθOSR=k0·sinθMLR+η.(8b)

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    k0·sinθr·λ0=πk0·sinθi·d,

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    k0·sinθi·λ0=πk0·sinθi·d.

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    2·sinθi(λ0d)=λ.

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    p0·sinθi=d+p0/2.

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    ζ=|ζRRMGθr|/|ζSAMPθr|,

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    Yuxiang Jia, Jiafu Wang, Yajuan Han, Ruichao Zhu, Zhongtao Zhang, Jie Yang, Yueyu Meng, Yongfeng Li, Shaobo Qu. Quasi-omnibearing retro-reflective metagrating protected by reciprocity[J]. Photonics Research, 2022, 10(4): 843
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