• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 10, Issue 4, 843 (2022)
Yuxiang Jia1,2, Jiafu Wang1,2,3,*, Yajuan Han1,2,4,*, Ruichao Zhu1,2..., Zhongtao Zhang1,2, Jie Yang1,2, Yueyu Meng1,2, Yongfeng Li1,2 and Shaobo Qu1,2|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
  • 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially-Structured Functional Materials and Devices, Xi’an 710051, China
  • 3e-mail: wangjiafu1981@126.com
  • 4e-mail: mshyj_mail@126.com
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.447037 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yuxiang Jia, Jiafu Wang, Yajuan Han, Ruichao Zhu, Zhongtao Zhang, Jie Yang, Yueyu Meng, Yongfeng Li, Shaobo Qu, "Quasi-omnibearing retro-reflective metagrating protected by reciprocity," Photonics Res. 10, 843 (2022) Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Reciprocity is ubiquitous in antennas for receiving and radiating electromagnetic (EM) waves, i.e., if an antenna has good receiving performance at a given direction, it also has good radiation performance in that direction. Inspired by this, we propose a method of designing a quasi-ominibearing retro-reflective metagrating (RRMG) protected by the reciprocity of antennas. Based on the second-order mode around 15.0 GHz of a short-circuited structured patch antenna (SPA), incident transverse magnetic waves can be received, channeled into the coaxial lines, reflected by the shortened end, and finally re-radiated into free space with a reversed wave vector. RRMGs are contrived consisting of this identical SPA, with a grating constant allowing ±2nd-, ±1st-, and zeroth-order diffractions. Oblique incidence, plus the tilted nulls of the re-radiation pattern, can eliminate -1st, zeroth, +1st, and +2nd orders, and only the -2nd order is left to achieve retro-reflections. Prototypes were fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show that the RRMGs maintain only -2nd-order diffraction for incident angles 32.2°θi<90.0° in four quadrants, and that RRMGs can achieve quasi-omnibearing retro-reflections for θi=50.0°. The use of higher-order diffraction brings more degrees of freedom in manipulating EM waves, and this strategy can be readily extended to millimeter waves, THz wave, or even optical regimes.
    kx+m·ζ=±k0,

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    k0·sinθi+m·ζ=k0·sinθr.

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    pm=mλ0/2sinθi.

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    k0·sinθi2·ζ=k0·sinθr.

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    k02πp<kx<k0&4πpk0<kx<6πpk0,kx>0,(5a)

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    k0<kx<2πpk0&k06πp<kx<k04πp,kx<0.(5b)

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    1sinθi<sinθi<1&2sinθi1<sinθi<3sinθi1.

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    η=k0·sinθi·d/p0.

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    k0·sinθOSL=k0·sinθMLL+η,(8a)

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    k0·sinθOSR=k0·sinθMLR+η.(8b)

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    k0·sinθr·λ0=πk0·sinθi·d,

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    k0·sinθi·λ0=πk0·sinθi·d.

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    2·sinθi(λ0d)=λ.

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    p0·sinθi=d+p0/2.

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    ζ=|ζRRMGθr|/|ζSAMPθr|,

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    Yuxiang Jia, Jiafu Wang, Yajuan Han, Ruichao Zhu, Zhongtao Zhang, Jie Yang, Yueyu Meng, Yongfeng Li, Shaobo Qu, "Quasi-omnibearing retro-reflective metagrating protected by reciprocity," Photonics Res. 10, 843 (2022)
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