• High Power Laser Science and Engineering
  • Vol. 7, Issue 3, 03000e46 (2019)
Xumin Cai1、2, Xiuqing Lin1, Guohui Li1, Junye Lu1, Ziyu Hu1、3, and Guozong Zheng1、†
Author Affiliations
  • 1Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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    DOI: 10.1017/hpl.2019.24 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Xumin Cai, Xiuqing Lin, Guohui Li, Junye Lu, Ziyu Hu, Guozong Zheng. Rapid growth and properties of large-aperture 98%-deuterated DKDP crystals[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2019, 7(3): 03000e46 Copy Citation Text show less
    Schematic of the 100 L synthesis tank device. 1, vibrating table; 2, heating unit; 3, synthesis container; 4, cooling system; 5, control system.
    Fig. 1. Schematic of the 100 L synthesis tank device. 1, vibrating table; 2, heating unit; 3, synthesis container; 4, cooling system; 5, control system.
    Details of the DKDP crystal production process, including synthesis, growth, cutting and annealing.
    Fig. 2. Details of the DKDP crystal production process, including synthesis, growth, cutting and annealing.
    Experimental setup for measuring the LIDT, including shutter, waveplate, polarizer, focus lens, beam profiler and bulk detection.
    Fig. 3. Experimental setup for measuring the LIDT, including shutter, waveplate, polarizer, focus lens, beam profiler and bulk detection.
    Locations of the samples used in infrared (IR) spectra measurements.
    Fig. 4. Locations of the samples used in infrared (IR) spectra measurements.
    IR spectra. The recorded spectra were measured by a spectrophotometer in the range 200–1800 nm.
    Fig. 5. IR spectra. The recorded spectra were measured by a spectrophotometer in the range 200–1800 nm.
    Locations of the samples used in TGA measurements.
    Fig. 6. Locations of the samples used in TGA measurements.
    Thermo-gravimetric curve of DKDP crystals. The red curve represents the heating curve and the two black curves represent the TG curve of DKDP.
    Fig. 7. Thermo-gravimetric curve of DKDP crystals. The red curve represents the heating curve and the two black curves represent the TG curve of DKDP.
    Schematic cutting diagram for the different DKDP samples.
    Fig. 8. Schematic cutting diagram for the different DKDP samples.
    Transmission spectra of different deuterium concentration DKDP and DKP crystals. The blue curve represents 97.9% DKDP crystal, the brown curve represents 70% DKDP and the red curve represents KDP crystal.
    Fig. 9. Transmission spectra of different deuterium concentration DKDP and DKP crystals. The blue curve represents 97.9% DKDP crystal, the brown curve represents 70% DKDP and the red curve represents KDP crystal.
    Optical path schematic of the experiment.
    Fig. 10. Optical path schematic of the experiment.
    LIDT results. The inset gives the value of LIDT at the inflection point of the curve. The values for samples 1 and 2 are $43.9~\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$ and $35.6~\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$, respectively.
    Fig. 11. LIDT results. The inset gives the value of LIDT at the inflection point of the curve. The values for samples 1 and 2 are $43.9~\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$ and $35.6~\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$, respectively.
    ElementConcentration (ppb)ElementConcentration (ppb)
    Al46.81 Pb9.02
    As32.74 Li 10.11
    Ba13.62 Mg 99.08
    Co2.87 Mn8.32
    Cr10.93 Ni7.51
    Cu13.06 Sr3.84
    Fe 100.82 Zn 25.19
    Table 1. Concentration of the main metallic ionic impurities in $\text{P}_{2}\text{O}_{5}$ raw material (ppb, parts per billion).
    ElementConcentration (ppb)ElementConcentration (ppb)
    Al 123.52 Pb18.83
    As34.98 Li39.56
    Ba38.12 Mg 172.84
    Co10.36 Mn99.75
    Cr55.46 Ni40.88
    Cu39.65 Sr20.71
    Fe 546.12 Zn 118.23
    Table 2. Concentration of the main metallic ionic impurities in $\text{K}_{2}\text{CO}_{3}$ raw material (ppb, parts per billion).
    No. 1 2 3 4Average
    Deuterium level (%)97.798.097.998.0 97.9
    Table 3. Results for the deuterium level of DKDP crystal as assessed from IR spectra.
    SamplesResidual mass (%)Deuterium level (%)
    DKDP-1# 85.53191 97.22
    DKDP-2# 85.53906 96.65
    Average 85.53549 96.94
    Table 4. Results of the residual mass and deuterium level of DKDP.
    SamplesKDP70% DKDP97.9% DKDP
    $T$$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{\text{ac}}$$T$$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{\text{ac}}$$T$$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{\text{ac}}$
    (%)$(\text{cm}^{-1})$(%)$(\text{cm}^{-1})$(%)$(\text{cm}^{-1})$
    1#85.6450.08289.4100.03193.407 0.0052
    2#86.1220.07189.7070.02893.407 0.0052
    Average85.8840.07789.5590.02993.407 0.0052
    Table 5. Results for the transmittance and absorption coefficient with different deuterium levels in DKDP and KDP crystals.
    SamplesLIDTLIDTLIDT
    at 8.8 ns $(\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2})$at 3 ns $(\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2})$at 10 ns $(\text{J}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2})$
    $z$-cut-1#43.925.646.8
    $z$-cut-2#35.620.838.0
    Average 39.7 23.2 42.4
    Table 6. LIDT results at 8.8 ns, 3 ns and 10 ns.
    Xumin Cai, Xiuqing Lin, Guohui Li, Junye Lu, Ziyu Hu, Guozong Zheng. Rapid growth and properties of large-aperture 98%-deuterated DKDP crystals[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2019, 7(3): 03000e46
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