Fig. 1. Carrier dynamic model.

Fig. 2. (a) Integrated PL intensity linearly increasing with excitation power in CsPbBr3 NCs. Reprinted with permission [27]. (b) Fitting results of excitation density dependent PL spectra of the pristine and TOPO-treated CsPbBr3 perovskite films. Reprinted with permission [46]. (c) Power-dependent emission spectra indicating lasing of CsPbBr3 nanowires. Inset: a two-dimensional pseudo-color plot of emission spectra at different pump fluences. (d) The power dependence of the integrated emission intensity and the FWHM of the dominant emitted lasing peak. Reprinted with permission [47].

Fig. 3. Simulated TRPL curves. Solid lines were calculated by single exponential function using different lifetimes of 1 ns (red), 2 ns (blue), and 10 ns (green). Dashed curves were calculated using the double exponential formula by fixing two lifetimes of τ1=2  ns and τ2=10  ns, with a change of their weighted amplitude A.

Fig. 4. (a) CsPbBr3 perovskite films with and without pre-coating of PVP on the substrate and (b) pristine, TOPO-treated, and TOPO/PMMA-treated perovskite films. Reprinted with permission [46].

Fig. 5. (a) TRPL plots of the CsPbI2Br films fabricated on a glass substrate, treated by the GTA, GTA-ATS-Tol, and GTA-ATS-IPA processes. Inset: SSPL spectra of the corresponding CsPbI2Br films. Reprinted with permission [55]. (b) PL and (c) TRPL spectra of 0 and 0.5% Nb-doped CsPbI2Br films. Reprinted with permission [60]. (d) TRPL decay curves obtained for CsPbX3 NCs with halogen ions varying from Cl to I. Reprinted with permission [67]. (e) TRPL decay profile and (f) temperature-dependent average lifetime of CsPbBr3 NCs. Reprinted with permission [27].

Fig. 6. (a) PL intensity just after photoexcitation as a function of carrier density of Cs2AgBiBr6 double halide perovskite film. Reprinted with permission [71]. (b) Initial PL intensity after laser excitation as a function of injected carrier density with the quadratic dependence at lower injected carrier density in the range of ∼1015–1017  cm−3 (solid red line) of CsPbI3 halide perovskite film. Reprinted with permission [87]. (c) Lifetime and IPL|t=0 versus pump fluence in CsPbBr3 nanowires. Reprinted with permission [96].

Fig. 7. (a) Temperature-dependent PL spectra for CsPbBr3 nanowires within the range of 80–295 K. The emission peak shows an evident blue shift (black arrow) and broadening with increasing temperature. (b) Temperature dependence of the FWHM extracted out from (a). Reprinted with permission [96]. (c) FWHM as a function of temperature of CsPbBr3 sphere. Reprinted with permission [100]. (d) Temperature-dependent PL decay curves of colloidal CsPbBr3 QDs with the temperature ranging from 80 to 380 K. (e) Average PL lifetimes of CsPbBr3 NCs for NC493, NC512, and NC516 samples at various temperatures. Reprinted with permission [104].

Fig. 8. (a) SSPL and (b) TRPL spectra of the CsPbBr3 films deposited on FTO, TiO2, and TiO2/SnO2 ETLs. Reprinted with permission [63]. (c) SSPL and (d) TRPL spectra of the CsPbBr3 perovskite films with and without MnS HTL. Reprinted with permission [121]. (e) SSPL and (f) TRPL spectra of FTO/c−TiO2/m−TiO2/CsPbBr3 covered with and without CsPbBrxI3−x NCs. Reprinted with permission [122]. (g) SSPL and (h) TRPL spectra of the neat CsPbI3 (black curve), CsPbI3/PC61BM (blue curve), and CsPbI3/Spiro−OMeTAD (red curve) films. Reprinted with permission [87].

Fig. 9. (a) TRPL spectra of CsPbI2Br thin films based on different ETLs. Reprinted with permission [123]. (b) TRPL spectra of CsPbI2Br thin films with and without SnO2 ETL. Reprinted with permission [124]. (c) TRPL decay profiles for CsPbI2Br, SnO2/CsPbI2Br, and SnO2/ZnO/CsPbI2Br. Reprinted with permission [51]. (d) SSPL and (e) TRPL spectra of CsPbI2Br perovskite and CsPbI2Br perovskite covered with different HTLs. Reprinted with permission [117]. (f) TRPL and SSPL (inset) spectra of the Bi2Te3/CsPbI2Br films. Reprinted with permission [125]. (g) PL spectra of CsPbBr3 microplatelet single crystals on GaN/mica. Power-dependent TRPL spectra of CsPbBr3 on (h) mica and (i) GaN. Reprinted with permission [131].

Fig. 10. (a) Decay associated spectra for three fitting components from TA spectra and (b) proposed excited dynamic model of Cs2PdBr6 NCs. Reprinted with permission [29]. (c) Charge carrier dynamic model of Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs. Reprinted with permission [28]. (d) Kinetics of XB (reduced by a factor of 24 and inverted), PA, and PL decay of CsPbBr3 QDs. The black solid lines are multi-exponential fits to these kinetics. Reprinted with permission [140].

Fig. 11. (a) TPC and (b) TPV studies for SnO2- and SnO2/ZnO-based CsPbI2Br PSCs. Reprinted with permission [51]. (c) TPC and (d) TPV studies for CsPbI2Br film with or without MnO3 layer. Reprinted with permission [124]. (e) TPC and (f) TPV studies for CsPbI2Br film with or without (CsPbI2Br)1−x(CsPbI3)x layer. Reprinted with permission [49].

Table 1. Summary of the Reported Lifetime by Single Exponential Fitting, Average Lifetime, Its Individual Lifetime and Amplitude by Double and Triple Exponential Fitting in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites

Table 2. Summary of the Exciton Binding Energy by Arrhenius Equation in CsPbX3 Low-Dimensional Materials

Table 3. Summary of the Reported Lifetime with and without Quencher Layer in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites, Together with the Calculated Transfer Efficiency