Microorganisms play an important role in the ecosystem; thus, the identification of microorganisms is an important task. Herein, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is applied to identify pinus massoniana lamb pollen (PML), boletus bicolor peck (BBP) spores, boletus speciosus frost (BSF) spores, and tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus spores (TPS). Spectroscopy results indicate that, after the surface enhancement, the locations of the conventional Raman signal of PML are at 1702, 1680, 1513, 1382, 1243, 1011, and 793 cm -1, with observable Raman peaks at 1698, 1653, 1592, 1516, 1403, 1288, 1210, 813, and 562 cm -1. Three boletus spores identified via the conventional Raman spectroscopy do not exhibit any Raman peak, whereas the surface-enhanced Raman spectra of PML, BBP spores, BSF spores, and TPS are significantly different in the range of 1700-1100 cm -1. Experimental results validate that SERS can effectively identify PML, BBP spores, BSF spores, and TPS.