Author Affiliations
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. PMSLM mover position measuring system
Fig. 2. Three target images
Fig. 3. Error comparison of different types of graphs
Fig. 4. Schematic of traditional incremental sensors for long travel displacement measurement
Fig. 5. Schematic of the proposed cumulative error reduction method. (a) Schematic diagram; (b) flow chart
Fig. 6. Comparison of measurement range. (a) Traditional gradient algorithm; (b) proposed method
Fig. 7. Comparison between the proposed variable benchmark method and the traditional method. (a) Displacement tracking comparison; (b) cumulative error comparison; (c) error analysis
Fig. 8. Cumulative error at different thresholds
Fig. 9. Experiment platform
Fig. 10. Measurement accuracy verification. (a) Verification of the measurement range of adjacent frames; (b) cumulative error reduction
Fig. 11. Comparison of different algorithms. (a) Comparison of displacement measurement errors of adjacent frames; (b) cumulative error comparison; (c) cumulative error analysis
Fig. 12. Robustness comparison. (a) Comparison of measurement error under different illuminations; (b) error comparison of different algorithms under low illumination; (c) error analysis
Image size/(pixel×pixel) | Threshold value range/pixel | Cumulative error range/pixel | |
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1×200 | 10-27.30 | 0.0170-0.0430 | | 1×300 | 30-51.98 | 0.0084-0.0391 | | 1×400 | 50-87.72 | 0.0177-0.0476 | | 1×500 | 80-150.18 | 0.0163-0.0353 | | 1×600 | 100-189.54 | 0.0091-0.0369 | | 1×700 | 100-153.10 | 0.0175-0.0378 | | 1×800 | 80-134.52 | 0.0128-0.0384 | | 1×900 | 70-114.92 | 0.0086-0.0402 | | 1×1000 | 70-113.10 | 0.0105-0.0333 | |
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Table 1. Optimal threshold value range for images with different sizes
Trial No. | Moving distance /cm | Displacement /pixel |
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1 | 25.0000-25.1000 | 22.4015 | 2 | 25.1000-25.2000 | 23.1301 | 3 | 25.2000-25.3000 | 22.9188 | ︙ | ︙ | ︙ | 8 | 25.7000-25.8000 | 22.7136 | 9 | 25.8000-25.9000 | 22.5677 |
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Table 2. Measurement system calibration coefficient calculation
Algorithm | Time/s |
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EPCA | 0.0536 | JSP | 0.0828 | LUMLS | 0.0209 | TTBM | 0.0125 |
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Table 3. Time-consuming comparison of different algorithms