Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Number and size of transistors bought per dollar. Source: The end of Moore’s law. The Economist, April, 2015. (b) The ITRS most recent report predicts transistor scaling will end in 2021. Source: International Semiconductor Technology Roadmap (ITRS).

Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) The development trend of the semiconductor industry in the More-than-Moore Era. Source: International Semiconductor Technology Roadmap (ITRS). (b) Silicon photonics 2015–2024 market forecast. Source: Silicon Photonics Report Yole Développement.

Fig. 3. (Color online) A summary of PCNC lasers (2010–2018). Insets show the device structures, materials, and threshold power, respectively.

Fig. 4. (Color online) (a) Schematic and (b) SEM of the proposed hybrid III−V/Si nanolaser attached to a conventional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide. (c) Measured output power near the end of the SOI waveguide (black) and near the InGaAsP nanobeam (red) against incident peak pump power. The inset shows a lasing emission spectrum near 1550 nm.

Fig. 5. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the proposed room temperature, suspended silicon nanobeam laser with a monolayer MoTe₂ on top. The corresponding lasing spectra of the nanobeam laser under different pump power levels (b) using a grating resolution: 150 g/mm (0.41 nm), and (c) using a grating resolution: 600 g/mm (0.09 nm).

Fig. 6. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the proposed TO tunable nanobeam filter. (b) SEM image of the fabricated PCNC filter. (c) Measured wavelength shifts against heating powers.

Fig. 7. (Color online) (a) SEM image of the proposed parallel quadrabeam PCNCs. (b) Real-time monitoring of streptavidin/biotin binding. Inset: resonance shift as a function of streptavidin concentration in PBS. (c) Resonance shifts as a function of the refractive indices with different concentrations ethanol/water solutions. (d) SEM of nanoscale sensor array. (e) Red shift of the targeted resonator occurs because of the higher refractive index of the CaCl₂ solution. (f) Experimental data showing the redshifts for various refractive index solutions.

Table 1. Comparison with PCNC-based modulators.

Table 2. Comparison with PCNC-based optical switches.

Table 3. Comparison with PCNC-based optical sensors.