Ultrafast optical phase-sensitive ultrasonic detection via dual-comb multiheterodyne interferometry

Yitian Tong; Xudong Guo; Mingsheng Li; Huajun Tang; Najia Sharmin; Yue Xu; Wei-Ning Lee; Kevin K. Tsia; Kenneth K. Y. Wong

doi:10.1117/1.APN.2.1.016002

Journals >Advanced Photonics Nexus >Volume 2 >Issue 1 >Page 016002 > Article

Advanced Photonics Nexus
Vol. 2, Issue 1, 016002 (2023)

Ultrafast optical phase-sensitive ultrasonic detection via dual-comb multiheterodyne interferometry

Yitian Tong^1、†,*, Xudong Guo¹, Mingsheng Li¹, Huajun Tang¹, Najia Sharmin¹, Yue Xu¹, Wei-Ning Lee¹, Kevin K. Tsia^1、2、3, and Kenneth K. Y. Wong^1、3、*

Author Affiliations

¹The University of Hong Kong, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong, China

²The University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Science, Hong Kong, China

³Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong, China

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DOI: 10.1117/1.APN.2.1.016002 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Yitian Tong, Xudong Guo, Mingsheng Li, Huajun Tang, Najia Sharmin, Yue Xu, Wei-Ning Lee, Kevin K. Tsia, Kenneth K. Y. Wong. Ultrafast optical phase-sensitive ultrasonic detection via dual-comb multiheterodyne interferometry[J]. Advanced Photonics Nexus, 2023, 2(1): 016002 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Schematic for the concept of DCMHI.

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Experimental demonstration of the DCMHI for detecting the ultrasound. EOC, electro-optics frequency comb; AOFS, acoustic-optics frequency shifter; COL, collimator; BPD, balanced photodiode; and UT, ultrasound transducer. (a) The optical spectrum of the signal EOC (red) and the LO EOC (blue). (b) The ultrasound distribution of the 10 MHz ultrasound transducer measured by hydrophone. (c) The ultrasound signal generated by the ultrasound transducer in the time domain. (d) The beat notes of dual-EOCs measured by the spectrum analyzer. (e) The demodulated phase values of different beat notes by channelized I/Q demodulation from the recorded time domain signals.

Fig. 2. Experimental demonstration of the DCMHI for detecting the ultrasound. EOC, electro-optics frequency comb; AOFS, acoustic-optics frequency shifter; COL, collimator; BPD, balanced photodiode; and UT, ultrasound transducer. (a) The optical spectrum of the signal EOC (red) and the LO EOC (blue). (b) The ultrasound distribution of the 10 MHz ultrasound transducer measured by hydrophone. (c) The ultrasound signal generated by the ultrasound transducer in the time domain. (d) The beat notes of dual-EOCs measured by the spectrum analyzer. (e) The demodulated phase values of different beat notes by channelized

I / Q

demodulation from the recorded time domain signals.

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Fig. 3. (a) The comparison diagram of demodulated phase values of the first-order comb tone (

m = 1

) and synthesized 4 comb tones (

m = 1

to 4) in the time domain. (b) The accumulated phase SNR values with the respective standard deviations indicated as error bars, which are demodulated values collected ten times.

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Fig. 4. The measured phase values of synthesized six comb tones in the DCMHI as a function of acoustic pressure; the solid line is the linear fit, and dots are measured data. The error bars on measured data are standard deviations after 10 measurements.

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Fig. 5. The measured RMS NEP under different acoustic frequencies. Insets show segments extracted from the different sampled waveforms (original length is

20 μ s

). The vertical axis is the respective normalized amplitude value. The dash shows the trend of NEP increasing with the demodulation bandwidth.

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Fig. 6. The measured frequency response of the DCMHI. The inset demonstrates the relative response of the 1 MHz transducer measured by the DCMHI and hydrophone, respectively.

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Fig. 7. Instantaneous ultrasonic pressure distribution (Video 1, MP4, 649 KB [URL: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.1.016002.s1]).

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Fig. 8. Instantaneous ultrasonic pressure distribution with positive and negative pressure changes (Video 2, MP4, 3.05 MB [URL: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.APN.2.1.016002.s2]).

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Ultrasound transducer	Demodulation parameter
Center frequency (MHz)	Bandwidth ( $- 6 dB$ )a(%)	Focal beam width ( $- 6 dB$ )b(mm)	Equivalent working distance of acoustic wave (mm)	Demodulation bandwidth ( $- 3 dB$ ) (MHz)	Equivalent acoustic bandwidth (MHz)
1	70	1.52	1.52	3	3
10	70	0.29	0.29	30	30
50	70	0.15	0.15	70	70

Table 1. Setting parameters in the NEP measurement.

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Categoy 1	Category 2	Method	Sensing element size	Detection bandwidth (MHz)	NEP	Complexity	Comments
Sensor part	Detection part
Directly intensity detection	Optical interface	Optical multilayer⁵¹	Prism sensing area	25	30 kPa	Medium	Medium	Intensity noise of probe beam
$\sim 10$	500 Pa	High	High	Bandwidth limitation of lock-in amplifier
Plasmonic metamaterials⁵²
Pump–probe	Remote sensing³¹	Beam diameter	60	—	High	Low	Intensity noise of probe beam
Integrated photonic circuits	Polymer waveguide⁵³	$500 μ m$	20	100 Pa	Medium	Low	Large optical loss, high noise of APD
MRR¹⁹	$60 μ m$	140	6.8 Pa	Medium	Low	Requires chirped process and frequency stabilization systems
Bragg grating waveguide²³	220/500 nm	230	$9 {mPa Hz}^{- 1 / 2}$	High	High
	$125 μ m$	40	$1.6 {mPaHz}^{- 1 / 2}$	Medium	High
End-type fiber FPI²²
Phase sensitivity detection	Phase to intensity conversion	Laser beam MZI²⁵	$90 μ m$	17.5	100 Pa·mm	Low	Low	Phase-modulation sensitivity to enable the detection of intensity variations; additional feedback loop
FBG MZI⁵⁴	—	16	—	Medium	High
Tapped fiber MZI²⁶	$< 125 μ m$	14	150 Pa	Medium	Medium
Laser beam FPI⁵⁵	$125 μ m$	5	130 Pa·mm	Low	Medium
PVDF⁵⁶	—	80	31.2 mPa·mm	Medium	Low
Phase detection	DCMHI	$30 μ m$	100	$31 {mPaHz}^{- 1 / 2}$ a	Low	High	High sampling bandwidth and data throughput