Yunchao Li, Xuwen Hu, Zhaojun Liu, Yue Tang, Yanjun Zhang, Wen Jin, Shubin Yan. Research Progress of Atom Vapor Cell for Chip-Scale Atomic Clock[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2018, 55(6): 060003
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 55, Issue 6, 060003 (2018)
Fig. 1. Simplified representation of three levels of the 87Rb atoms
Fig. 2. (a) Vapor cell is made from a hollow-core Pyrex fiber with a CO2 laser; (b) vapor cell without filling tube made with a CO2 laser; (c) Cs-vapor micro-cell whose inner walls are coated with paraffin; (d) micro-glass cell on the top of silicon wafer
Fig. 3. (a) Transparent glass cell with regular geometry; (b) cylindrical glass cell
Fig. 4. (a) Vapor cell produced by micro-machining of silicon wafers and anodic bonding; (b) vapor cell with integrated multiply thin film reflectors
Fig. 5. (a) Photograph of vapor cell of Peking University; (b) CPT resonance signal measured at 47 ℃
Fig. 6. Micro-fabricated vapor cells based on photolysis of azide cesium
Fig. 7. Micro-graph of the vapor cells
Fig. 8. (a) Atomic cell of NIST in 2004; (b) vapor cells based on direct filling method
Fig. 9. Fabrication process of micro spherical rubidium vapor cell
Fig. 10. Process of electrolytic cell filling method
Fig. 11. Process outline to realize Rb vapor cells by using Rb wax micro-packets
Fig. 12. Micro-fabricated rubidium vapor cells with a thick glass core
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