• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 59, Issue 12, 1228005 (2022)
Hengheng Liang1, Xichen Wang2, Yonglong Chen2, Junan Zhang1, and Yingke Xie3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
  • 2Liangjiang International College, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
  • 3College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401320, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202259.1228005 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Hengheng Liang, Xichen Wang, Yonglong Chen, Junan Zhang, Yingke Xie. Anti-Interference Performance Analysis of Modulated Light Detection and Ranging Using Code Division Multiple Access[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(12): 1228005 Copy Citation Text show less
    Schematic of CDMA modulated LiDAR
    Fig. 1. Schematic of CDMA modulated LiDAR
    Correlation characteristics of different code sets. (a) m codes; (b) PC codes; (c) OOC codes
    Fig. 2. Correlation characteristics of different code sets. (a) m codes; (b) PC codes; (c) OOC codes
    Variation of false alarm rates corresponding to each code group with SNR
    Fig. 3. Variation of false alarm rates corresponding to each code group with SNR
    Simulation result of ranging without interference. (a) Echo signal; (b) correlation result of C3 code and echo signal
    Fig. 4. Simulation result of ranging without interference. (a) Echo signal; (b) correlation result of C3 code and echo signal
    Simulation of legacy single pulse LiDAR interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    Fig. 5. Simulation of legacy single pulse LiDAR interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    Simulation of CDMA modulated Lidar interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    Fig. 6. Simulation of CDMA modulated Lidar interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    FMCW signal and CDMA signal of equal power. (a) FMCW LiDAR signal; (b) CDMA modulated LiDAR signal
    Fig. 7. FMCW signal and CDMA signal of equal power. (a) FMCW LiDAR signal; (b) CDMA modulated LiDAR signal
    Simulation of FMCW Lidar interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    Fig. 8. Simulation of FMCW Lidar interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    Interference results under different FMCW signals. (a) Interference results of FMCW signals with different center frequencies; (b) interference results of FMCW signals with different frequency modulation slopes
    Fig. 9. Interference results under different FMCW signals. (a) Interference results of FMCW signals with different center frequencies; (b) interference results of FMCW signals with different frequency modulation slopes
    Simulation of densely pulses interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    Fig. 10. Simulation of densely pulses interfering. (a) Received signal; (b) result of threshold detection; (c) slide correlation result of C3 code
    Variation of correlation peak ratio under different density interference
    Fig. 11. Variation of correlation peak ratio under different density interference
    No.m sequencePC sequenceOOC sequence
    C1100001010111011000111110011010010000100001000010000100001100000100000000000000000000000
    C2100001001011001111100011011101010000010000010000010000011010000000010000000000000000000
    C3100001100100111110111000101011010000001000000101000000101001000000000001000000000000000
    C4100001101010010001011111011001110000000100100000001001001000100000000010000000000000000
    C5100001110011011111010001001010110000000010001000100010001000010000000100000000000000000
    C61000010110101000111011111001001
    Table 1. Orthogonal code sets
    ParameterValue
    Range100 m @20% reflectivity
    Rate /(point·s-1250000
    Period /us4
    Pulse width /ns1
    Orthogonal code

    000000000000)

    C3(1001000000000001000

    Atmospheric transmission0.480-0.707
    Target surface reflectivity20%-80%
    Threshold(normalized)0.115/1002
    Detection methodSliding correlation
    Table 2. Simulation specifications of CDMA modulated LiDAR
    Hengheng Liang, Xichen Wang, Yonglong Chen, Junan Zhang, Yingke Xie. Anti-Interference Performance Analysis of Modulated Light Detection and Ranging Using Code Division Multiple Access[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(12): 1228005
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