With the development of optical microscopy, people have been able to observe the microcosm on sub-micron scale, which has played a key role in deciphering the code of life activities. Among them, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy provides imaging contrast based on molecular specific vibration and enhances the spontaneous Raman scattering signal by several orders through a nonlinear optical process, improving the imaging rate and detection sensitivity. According to different nonlinear optical processes, coherent Raman scattering can be divided into coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Compared with CARS, SRS has the advantages of no non-resonant background interference, quantitative analysis, etc. This article will introduce the basic principles of coherent Raman scattering, and focus on the development and application of stimulated Raman scattering.