Ke Jin, Zongliang Ou, Lixiu Zhang, Yongbo Yuan, Zuo Xiao, Qiuling Song, Chenyi Yi, Liming Ding. A chlorinated lactone polymer donor featuring high performance and low cost[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2022, 43(5): 050501
- Journal of Semiconductors
- Vol. 43, Issue 5, 050501 (2022)
Abstract
The development of low-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors and wide-bandgap polymer donors speeds up the advance of organic solar cells (OSCs)[
Figure 1.(Color online) (a) Polymer donors offering PCEs over 18%. (b)
L4 was synthesized via Stille copolymerization and the details can be found in the Supporting Information. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) and polydispersity index (PDI) are 51.8 kDa and 1.58, respectively. The absorption spectra for L4 in chloroform and as a film are shown in Fig. S2. For film, L4 shows an absorption onset at 645 nm, corresponding to an optical bandgap of 1.92 eV. The light absorption of L4 is complementary to that of N3. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were employed to estimate the energy levels (Fig. S3). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels are –5.52 and –2.95 eV for L4, respectively.
Solar cells with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/PDIN/Ag were made to assess the performance of L4. The D/A ratio, active layer thickness and diphenyl ether (DPE) additive content were optimized for L4:N3 cells (Tables S1–S3). The cells gave the highest PCE of 17.16%, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.844 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.43 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 76.9% (Fig. 1(b)). These cells have a D/A ratio of 1 : 1.4, an active layer thickness of 110 nm and 0.5 vol% DPE as the additive. Adding small amount of PC61BM into L4:N3 blend improved Voc, Jsc and FF simultaneously (Table S4). The L4:N3:PC61BM (1 : 1.4 : 0.2) ternary cells gave the highest PCE of 18.10%, with a Voc of 0.850 V, a Jsc of 27.07 mA/cm2 and an FF of 78.7%. The best ternary cells were also measured at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), and a certified PCE of 17.7% (Voc, 0.856 V; Jsc, 26.43 mA/cm2; FF, 78.4%; effective area, 2.580 mm2) was recorded (Fig. S4). The external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra indicate that after the addition of PC61BM, the EQE at 455–600 nm and 650–820 nm increased. The EQE maximum increased from 82% for binary cells to 88% for ternary cells (Fig. 1(c)). The integrated photocurrent densities are 25.13 and 26.13 mA/cm2, respectively, consisting with Jsc. The enhancement in Jsc and FF for ternary cells suggests the improved charge transport in the active layer. Hole and electron mobilities (μh andμe) were measured by using the space charge limited current (SCLC) method (Fig. S5 and S6)[
In short, by using a cost-effective lactone acceptor unit and a cost-effective chlorinated donor unit, we developed an efficient wide-bandgap polymer donor L4. L4 is a rare donor, featuring high performance (>18% PCE) and low cost. Lactone polymer donors hold promise for solar cells.
Acknowledgements
We thank the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory (2021SLABFK02), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51773045, 21772030, 51922032 and 21961160720).
Appendix A. Supplementary materials
Supplementary materials to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/5/050501.
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