The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system of gold nanoparticles and CdSe quantum dots is established via the electrostatic interaction between CdSe quantum dots modified with carboxyl and gold nanoparticles encapsulated with amino. The fluorescence variance in this system with the distance between CdSe quantum dot and gold nanoparticle is investigated. The results show that, the interaction fluorescence intensity and FRET efficiency both decrease with the increase of the distance, which is consistent with that predicted by the Frster resonance energy transfer theory.