1. (a) Schematic procedure of micropattern fabrication employing a shielding reagent^[32] and (b) route of self-assembled surface nanopatterns based on shielding effect^[37]

2. Schematic diagram of Pickering emulsion stability mechanism^[40]

3. Preparation process and characterization of ultra-thin polyimide nanofilms^[41]

4. (a) Schematic diagram of formation and transfer of interfacial self-assembly mlfs^[42]; (b) Schematic diagram of anisotropic X-shaped goethite crystal self-assembly at oil/water interface to form micron scale hollow spheres^[44]; (c) Schematic diagram of self-assembly of crystalline diblock copolymer at oil/water interface^[45]

5. Effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) on self-assembly size in different phase interfaces^[46]

6. (a,b) Schematic diagram of self-assembly and electric field induced self-assembly and assembly process with different morphologies^[52]; (c) Schematic diagram of magnetic field-induced self-assembly of one-dimensional nanocube belts^[56]; (d) Schematic diagram of magnetic nanopillar array (FFPDMS column array) inducing self-assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles^[57]

7. (a) Schematic diagram of self-assembly and reassembly induced by light and metal ions^[58]; (b) Preparation of HRP-loaded temperature-sensitive polymer vesicles by seed Photo-PISA^[59]; (c) Light-induced in-situ self-assembly synthesis of polymer nanostructures^[60]

8. (a) Preparation of hydrophobic polysiloxane in aqueous phase by Sol-Gel method^[61]; (b) Schematic diagram of preparation of ternary composite hydrophobic polyurethane sponge PU/HEC/SiO₂ by hydroxyl hydrogen bond induction self-assembly^[61]; (c) Schematic diagram of PVA/SiO₂ with hydrophobicity induced by hydroxyl hydrogen bond^[62]

9. (a) SnS₂/Zn₂SnO₄ hybrid membrane sensor performance under different applications: human exhalation, palm sweating, urine and water droplets on baby diapers^[74]; (b) Glucose sensor based on GO_x loaded H/G4-PANI hydrogel for detecting glucose^[85]; (c) Real-time response of strain sensor arrays on human skin^[83]

10. (a) Rat liver hemostasis. Left: Liver produced massive bleeding after sagittal incision in the left lobe (Con. group). Right: Treatment with approximately 1%(w/v) (16 mmol/L) I3QGK aqueous solution leads to rapid hemostasis (I₃QGK group)^[120]; (b) Single-photon laser scanning confocal microscope for self-assembling peptides in PC-3 cells^[122]