Based on single interferogram analysis method using fast Fourier transform (FFT), an interferogram spreading method based on exemplar matching is proposed. By analyzing the confidence and isophote of interferogram, the priority that is assigned to each patch on the fill front are calculated. After the patch most similar to the patch on the fill front is found in the source region of the interferogram, the value of each pixel in the patch on the fill front is copied from its corresponding position in the most similar patch. This spreading algorithm takes full advantage of the fringe characteristics and the directions of isophotes to synthesize the structure and texture information of interferogram and achieves good spreading effect. The proposed spreading algorithm is combined with FFT, filtering and phase unwrapping together to from a single interferogram analysis method of high-accuracy. The differences between the wave surface peak-valley value obtained by the proposed single interferogram analysis method and Zygo interferometer is less than λ/100, and the difference between the wave surface root-mean-square value obtained by these two methods is less then λ/100.