To ensure good communication quality of several users from different orientations within a room in indoor visible light communication systems, this study proposes a power optimization method based on the improved ant colony algorithm, which converts the one-dimensional path optimization problem into three dimensions and improves the operational efficiency, thereby improving the uniformity of the received optical power distribution of the receiving plane. Further, the difference between the maximum and minimum powers of the receiving plane is considered to be the optimization target. The addition of constraints avoids the occurrence of low average optical power after optimization as well as the uncertainty attributed to manual screening. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the optical power offset and ensures the stability of the communication environment.